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T1 > Gross Anatomy LE > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy LE Flashcards

1
Q

What are the posterior leg muscles?

A

Popliteus
Plantaris
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Flexor hallicus longus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus

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2
Q

Gastrocnemius: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: superior lateral and medial condyles of femur

I: calcaneus via achilles tendon

N: Tibial nerve

V: sural artery

A: platarflexion, flex knee

Fun fact: gastrocs and soleus together reffered to as triceps surae. 20% have sesamoid bone in lateral head called fabella

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3
Q

Soleus: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: proximal fibular head and shaft of fibula, proximal posterior shaft of tibia

I: calcaneus via achilles tendon

N: Tibial nerve

V: popliteal artery, posterior tibial artery

A: platarflexion

Fun Fact: muscle involved in compartment syndrome

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4
Q

Plantaris: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: Lower border of supracondylar ridge

I: posterior calcaneus

A: flexion of knee, assists in plantar flexion

N: Tibial nerve

V: Sural artery

Fun fact: only 90% of pop has this muscle

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5
Q

Popliteus: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: lateral femoral (epi)condyle

I: posterior proximal medial tibial shaft

A: flexes knee, medially rotates tibia; “unlock” an extended knee

N: Tibial nerve

V: Popliteal artery

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6
Q

Tibialis posterior: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia, proximal 2/3 of medial shaft of fibula

I: Inferior navicular, slips to inferior surfaces of cuboid, cuneiform III, metatarsals 2-4

A: plantarflexion, inversion of ankle/foot

N: Tibial nerve

V: posterior tibial artery

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7
Q

Flexor digitorum longus: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: posterior surface of shaft of tibia

I: plantar surface of distal phalanges 2-5

A: flexion of digits, inversion of ankle/foot

N: Tibial nerve

V: Posterior tibial a

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8
Q

Flexor hallicus longus: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: Inferior 2/3 of posterior fibula and
interosseous membrane

I: inferior surface of distal phalanx I (Hallux/ great toe)

A: flexion of great toe (hallux),
plantarflexion

N: Tibial nerve,

V: superficial fibular artery

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9
Q

Arteries of posterior leg

A

Popliteal: from adductor hiatus until genicular branch

Genicular: until anterior/posterior tibial bifurcation

Anterior tibial:
Runs with deep fibular nerve (front compartment of leg)

Posterior tibial:
runs with tibial nerve (back compartment of leg)

Fibular: lateral bifurcation of posterior tibial artery

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10
Q

List the muscles of the posterior thigh

A

Biceps Femoris (long and short head)

Semitendonosis

Semimembranousus

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11
Q

Biceps Femoris: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: LH: Ischial tuberosity
SH: Distal ½ linea aspera

I: head of fibula

A: flexion of knee, lateral (external) rotation of tibia (knee) when knee is flexed); LH: extension of hip

N:
LH: Sciatic nerve- tibial division
SH: Sciatic nerve- common fibular
nerve/ division

V: Deep femoral artery

Fun fact: all hamstrings contribute to PPT along with glute max and ham head of add magnus

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12
Q

Semiteninosus: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: ischial tuberosity

I: proximal anterior medial tibial shaft (at pes anserine)

A: flexion of knee, medial (internal) rotation of tibia (knee) when knee is flexed)

N:Sciatic Nerve- tibial division/nerve

V: Deep femoral

Fun fact: Inserts at the pes anserine w/ gracilis and semitendinosis

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13
Q

Semimembranosus: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: ischial tuberosity

I: posterior medial tibial condyle, posterior medial meniscus

A: flexion of knee, extension of hip, medial rotation of flexed knee Medially rotates an extended femur

N: Sciatic Nerve- tibial division/nerve

V: Deep femoral

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14
Q

Posterior Thigh: arteries

A

Popliteal artery:
emerges from the adductor hiatus until it bifurcates in popliteal space as anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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15
Q

Posterior Thigh: Nerves

A

Sciatic Nerve:
In popliteal space or superior to popliteal space, the sciatic nerve splits into the Tibial Nerve and Common Fibular nerve

Tibial div:
after popliteal space

Common Fibular div:
lateral side after bifurcation of sciatic

Inferior Gluteal: emerges from inferior to sciatic nerve

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16
Q

Fibularis Longus: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: IOM, posterior surface of tibia, head and proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

I: Base of 1st metatarsal, cuneiform I

A: plantarflexion, eversion

N: Superficial fibular (peroneal) n

V: Fibular artery

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17
Q

Fibularis Brevis: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: Lateral distal 2/3 of fibula

I: Lateral base of 5th metatarsal

A: plantar flexion, eversion

N: Superficial fibular nerve

V: Fibular artery

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18
Q

What are the muscles in the lateral leg?

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

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19
Q

What are the muscles in the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor Fascia Lata
Piriformis
Superior gemellus
Obterator externus
Obterator internus
Inferior gemellus
Quadratus femoris

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20
Q

Gluteus maximus: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: Posterior gluteal line, posterior inferior surface of sacrum, lateral coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, gluteal aponeurosis

I:
Lower fibers: gluteal tuberosity
Upper fibers: iliotibial tract, then lateral condyle of tibia via IT band

A: abduct, extends, laterally rotates hip

N: Inferior gluteal n

V: Inferior and superior gluteal aa

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21
Q

Gluteus medius: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: Gluteal surface of ilium, from iliac crest to posterior gluteal line and anterior (middle) gluteal line and gluteal aponeurosis

I: (lateral surface of) greater trochanter

A: abducts femur, stabilizes hip
Anterior fibers: internal rotation and flexion of thigh/hip
Posterior fibers: external rotation and extension of thigh/hip

N: Superior gluteal n

V: Inferior and superior gluteal aa

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22
Q

Gluteus minimus: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: External ilium between middle and inferior gluteal lines

I: anterior greater trochanter

A: abduct, medially rotate thigh (anterior fibers). Keeps pelvis level during ipsilateral weight bearing. Posterior fibers: external
rotation

N: Superior gluteal n

V: Superior gluteal a

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23
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: Anterior iliac crest, ASIS

I: IT band to lateral proximal anterior tibial shaft (at Gerdy’s tubercle)

A: abduction and medial rotation of hip, pelvic leveling when ipsilateral leg is weight bearing, probably flexes hip during swing phase of gait

N: Superior Gluteal n

V: lateral femoral circumflex and superior gluteal a

24
Q

Piriformis: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: Pelvic surface of sacrum

I: Greater trochanter

N: N to piriformis (Sacral plexus)

A: laterally rotate the hip
joint

25
Q

Quadratus femoris: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: ischial tuberosity

I: Quadrate line

N: N to QF (Sacral plexus)

A: laterally rotate the hip
joint

26
Q

Obterator internus: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: Internal or pelvic surface of obturator membrane and margin of obturator foramen

I: Greater trochanter

N: N to OI (Sacral plexus)

A: laterally rotate the hip
joint

27
Q

Obterator externus: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: Rami of pubis and ischium and external surface of obturator membrane

I: Greater trochanter of femur.

N: Posterior branch of Obturator

A: laterally rotate the hip
joint

28
Q

Gemellus superior: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: Spine of ischium

I: Greater trochanter

N: N to OI (Sacral plexus)

A: laterally rotate the hip
joint

29
Q

Gemellus inferior: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: ischial tuberosity

I: Greater trochanter

N: N to QF (Sacral plexus)

A: laterally rotate the hip
joint

30
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior thigh?

A

Psoas
Iliacus
Vastus lateralis
Rectus femoris
Sartorious
Vastus medialus
Vastus intermedius
Pectineus

31
Q

Sartorius: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: ASIS

I: Proximal medial anterior tibial shaft (at pes anserine)

A: Flexes , abducts, externally rotates hip. Flexes knees. Contributes to medial rotation of knee when flexed

N: Femoral n

V: profunda femoris a

32
Q

Rectus femoris: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: AIIS and superior acetabulum

I: tibial tuberosity (via patellar tendon and patellar ligament)

A: flexes hip, extends knee

N: Femoral n

V: Lateral femoral circumflex a

Fun fact: only quad muscle that crosses hip and knee

33
Q

Vastus lateralis: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: greater trochanter, upper lateral lip of linea aspera (on posterior femur)

I: Tibial tuberosity

A: extend knee

N: Femoral n

V: Lateral femoral circumflex

34
Q

Vastus medialis: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: Intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera

I: tibial tuberosity

A: extend knee

N: Femoral n

V: Femoral, profunda femoris, medial superior genicular aa

35
Q

Vastus intermedius: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: proximal 2/3 of anterior and lateral shaft of femur

I: tibial tuberosity

A: extend knee

N: Femoral n

V: Lateral femoral circumflex a

36
Q

Iliopsoas: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O:
Psoas major: T12 vertebral body, L1 L5 IVD and transverse processes
Iliacus: iliac crest, iliac fossa, anterior SI ligaments

I: lesser trochanter

A: flex hip, *most likely externally rotates when hip is flexed

N:
Psoas major: Femoral n/ L1-L3, (L4) anterior rami
Iliacus: Femoral n

V: iliolumbar a

37
Q

Pectineus: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: superior ramus of pubis

I: pectineal line of femur- inferior to lesser trochanter

A: adduct, flex thigh. Assist medial rotation of thigh

N: Femoral n (2/3 of time) Obturator (1/3 of time)… possible dual innervation

V: Medial femoral circumflex

38
Q

What are the muscles of the medial thigh compartment?

A

Gracilis
Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis

39
Q

Gracilis: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: inferior pubic symphysis, body and inferior ramus of pubis

I: medial proximal anterior tibial shaft (via pes anserine tendon)

A: adduct and flex thigh, assists in medial rotation of leg, *probably medially rotates flexed knee

N: obturator

V: Obturator a

40
Q

Adductor Longus: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: anterior pubis, pubic crest, pubic
symphysis

I: linea aspera between vastus medialis and adductor magnus (middle 3rd of femur)

A: adduct, medially rotate thigh

N: Obturator n.

V: Deep femoral a (profunda femoris)

41
Q

Adductor Brevis: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: Body and inferior ramus of pubis

I: pectineal line, proximal linea aspera

A: adduct some flexion of thigh,
*possibly medial rotation of thigh

N: Obturator n.

V: Profunda femoris a

42
Q

Adductor Magnus: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O:
Adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium
Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity

I:
Adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Hamstring part: adductor tubercle

A: both heads adduct thigh, also…
Adductor part: flex thigh
Hamstring part: extend thigh

N:
Adductor part: Obturator nerve
Hamstring part: Sciatic nerve- tibial division/nerve

V: profunda femoris a

43
Q

What are the nerves on the anterior thigh and leg?

A

Femoral Nerve
- innervates anterior thigh compartment

Obturator
- Medial compartment of thigh

Deep fibular
- emerges from posterior leg: innervates anterior leg
- runs with Anterior tibial artery

44
Q

What are the arteries on the anterior thigh and leg?

A

Femoral

Deep femoral: deep to femoral and distal on anterior thigh

Lateral femoral circumflex

Medial femoral circumflex

Obturator: medial compartment of thigh

45
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior leg?

A

Tibialis anterior
exentsor digitorum longus
extensor hallicus longus
fibularis tertius

46
Q

What are the muscles of the abdomen?

A

Rectus abominus
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominus

47
Q

Tibialis Anterior: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: lateral condyle, superior half of lateral tibia and IOM

I: Inferior base of 1st metatarsal, medial and inferior medial cuneiform

A: Dorsiflexion, inversion of ankle

N: Deep fibular

V: Anterior tibial a

48
Q

Extensor Digitorum longus: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: Lateral condyle of tibia, superior ¾ of fibula, IOM

I: middle& distal phalanges of digits 2-5

A: dorsiflexion, extension of digits 2-5

N: Deep fibular (peroneal) n

V: Anterior tibial a

49
Q

Extensor Hallicus longus: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: Middle anterior fibula, IOM

I: dorsal base of distal phalanx I

A: Extension of phalanx I (great toe),
dorsiflexion

N: Deep fibular n

V: anterior tibial a

50
Q

Extensor Hallicus longus: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: inferior 1/3 of anterior fibula, IOM

I: base of 5th metatarsal

A: dorsiflexion, aids in eversion

N: Deep fibular n

V: Anterior tibial a

51
Q

Rectus abdominis: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: pubic crest, symphysis, tubercle

I: Pubis, ribs 5-7, xiphoid process

A: Flexion of trunk, compress viscera, tense abdominal wall

N: T7-12

V: Inferior epigastric a

51
Q

External Oblique: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: sternum, external inferior surfaces of ribs 5-12

I: Pubis, linea alba via aponeurosis, iliac crest

A:
Bilateral: flexion of trunk, compression of abdomen
Unilateral: lateral flexion to same side, rotation to opposite side

N: lower intercostal nn, iliohypogastric and ilioinginal n,

V: intercostal, subcostal, deep circumflex iliac aa

52
Q

Internal Oblique: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: Lateral half of inguinal ligament, middle lip of iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia

I: pubis, inferior border of ribs 9-12, linea alba, aponeurosis fuses with external oblique to form rectus sheath

A:
Bilaterally: flexes trunk
Unilaterally: laterally flexes, rotates trunk to same side

N: T8-L1, Iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nn

V: Intercostal and subcostal aa

53
Q

Transverse abdominis: origin, insertion, innervation, vasculature, action

A

O: lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament, inner lip of iliac crest, inner surface of costal cartilages 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia,

I: linea alba, pubis

A: compresses viscera, tenses abdominal wall

N: T7-L1, Iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nn

V: subcostal aa

54
Q

What comprises the lumbar plexus?

A

T12, L1-L4

Anterior division:
- obturator L2-L4

Posterior division”
- femoral L2-L4

55
Q

What comprises the sacral plexus?

A

L4-S4

Sciatic N L4-S3

Anterior division:
- tibial N (L4-S3)
- N to OI and SG (S1-S2)
- N to QF and IG (L4-S1)
- Pudendal (S2-S4)

Posterior Division:
- superior gluteal (L4-S1)
- inferior gluteal (L5-S2)
- posterior cutaneous femoral (S1-S3)
- N to piriformis (S1-S2)
- common fibular (L4-S2)

56
Q
A

T1 (5 decks)

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