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Neur 101 > Methodology > Flashcards

Methodology Flashcards

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1
Q

Noninvasive techniques

A

CT =>
EEG => ElectroEncephaloGraphy OR
ERP=> Event Related Potential
PET =>
DTI =>
MRI (fMRI) => functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
NIRS =>
MEG =>
TMS => Transcrnial Magnetic Stimulation

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2
Q

Invasive techniques

A

ECoG =>
SEEG =>
Intracortical implants

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3
Q

TransCranial Magnetic stimulation (TMS)
How it works?

A

We have magnetic field pulses applied with coil.
Change in the magnetic field cause weak current on the surface of the brain

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4
Q

What does TMS do?

A

Depending on the target and strength of impulse, it stimulates neural activity and stops the neurons from talking

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5
Q

Pros and cons of TMS

A

Ask questions about activity (inactivity) of targeted regions
Only surface structures
Temporary lesion

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6
Q

Independent variable

A

The factors those are manipulated by the experiment.

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7
Q

Dependent variable

A

The factor those are measured in experiment to monitor the change in response to manipulation of independent variables.

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8
Q

Define EEG/ERP

A

It measure the electrical potential of brain with electrodes on a cap
We cannot tell from where the neurons

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9
Q

EEG help diagnose which disease with alters

A

Autism spectrum disorder

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10
Q

ERP has latency and amplitude, define latency? Define amplitude?

A

Latency: how long after the stimulus onset did the ERP occur?
Amplitude: how large is the neural response.

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11
Q

What does fMRI measure

A

It measures the localized activity in brain
Blood-Oxygenation Level Dependent BOLD signal
It has great spatial resolution but not temporal

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12
Q

Steps of MRI

A

Measures the resting membrane potential
Let the participants do the activity in the scanner
Compare activation patterns across conditions

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13
Q

What is difference and same between EEG and MRI

A

MRI is good with spatial resolution and EEG is good with temporal resolution.
EMR measure localized activity and EEG measure the surface of brain

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14
Q

Benefits of non-human model for invasive techniques

A

Ability to study the brain of living organism with invasive tech. For example if measuring neural activity then it has better spatial resolution

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15
Q

What things done in invasive techniques?

A

• ablation
• direct measure to the brain activity
• temporary lesions
• manipulation of brain activity

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16
Q

Ablation

A

Remove the brain structure or sever the connections
Then study the effect on animal’s brain

17
Q

Temporary lesion

A

Cool down region of interest witch stop or slow the neural activity
Pharmaceutically disturbs neuron from firing

18
Q

Direct measure of brain activity

A

• Electrophysiology
• Extracellular recording
• Activate neurons/ brain area with electrodes
• Measure brain chemistry with microdialysis

19
Q

Electrophysiology

A

Use of microelectrodes to measure the electrical activity of a cell

20
Q

Extracellular Recording

A

Place microelectrode in the Extracellular space near the cell
Measure 1-100s neurons

21
Q

Manipulation of brain activity

A

• Optogenetics is the use of genetic tools to induce neurons (or other cells) to become sensitive to light, such that experimenters can excite or inhibit a cell by exposing it to light

22
Q

Condition for intracellular recording

A

Surface of the cell must be accessible to the electrode

23
Q

What help intracellular recordings

A

• Allows you to record electrical events within neurons (not just signaling between neurons)

24
Q

Methods to visualizing gene/Protein expression

A

• In situ hybridization
• Immunohistochemistry
• Autoradiography

25
Q

In situ hybridization

A

Uses complementary probes to find neuro with a specific mRNA sequence.

26
Q

Immunohistochemistry

A

• Antibodies detect expression of specific proteins.
• Can tell you which cells express a certain protein, and where within a cell that protein is expressed.

27
Q

Autoradiography

A

• Synthetic radioactive probes bind to a protein of interest

Neur 101 (6 decks)

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