Methodologies & Theories Flashcards
What are the foundations of NI?
- Computer science
- Information science
- Nursing science
- Nursing process
- Cognitive science
What is the definition of computer science?
- It is the study of algorithms for solving computation problems (Saba & McCormick 2105)
- It is a branch of engineering that studies the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2018)
What are the computer’s major functions?
- Input
- Output
- Processing
- Storage
What are the computer science subfields?
- Artificial intelligence
- Graphics and visualization
- Computer networks and systems
- Database & knowledge management
- Algorithms & computation theory
- Communication & signal processing
- Microelectronics, photonics & optical communication
What is the definition of Information Science?
**The science of information, studying the application and usage of information and knowledge in organizations and the interfacing or interaction between people, organizations, and information system.
An extensive, interdisciplinary science that integrates features from cognitive science, communication science, computer science, library science, and social sciences.
What are the components of Information science?
Blum’s Model of Information 1986
- Data-discrete
- Information (DIKW)
- Knowledge
- Wisdom (highest level-applying knowledge w/compassion
Data
Naming
Collecting &
Organizing
Information
Organizing &
Interpreting
Knowledge
Interpreting,
Integrating, &
Understanding
Wisdom
Understanding,
Applying, &
Applying w/compassion
The relationship of data, information, knowledge, & wisdom (Nelson 2002)
Constant flux
What is the definition of Nursing Science?
McGonigle & Mastrian, 2015
*The ethical application of knowledge acquired through education, research, and practice to provide services and interventions to patients in order to maintain, enhance, or restore their health; to advocate for health, and to acquire, process, generate, and disseminate nursing knowledge to advance the nursing profession.
What are the components of the nursing process?
(ADOPIE) A=assessment D=diagnosis O=outcome identification P=planning I=Implementation E=evaluation
What is the definition of cognitive science?
- Much of the learning cannot be observed or predicted, in that, the individuals is processing information based on experiences, associations and subjective interpretation
- Cognitive process influence learning
(aptitude, compacity to learn, learning styles, attitude)
What are the concepts/theories supporting practice?
- Data, information, knowledge, wisdom (DIKW)
- Organizational behavior
- Communication theory
- Systems theory
- Learning styles
- Change managment
What is Graves & Corcoran Conceptual Framework (1989)?
Management & Processing
Data————–>Information—————->Knowledge
Linear progression from data to knowledge. Missing wisdom. This framework was borrowed from Blum
What is organizational behavior?
*The study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations.
Done through a system approach:
1. Hawthorne experiment (telephone factory-lights turned up so employees would be more productive & effective---but really it was they felt they were being watched) 2. Motivational theory
What are behavioral theories?
Group dynamics Change Organizational behavior Organizational theories Teaching/learning Cognitive Novice to expert
What are the stages of Tuckman’s behavioral theory?
Used when starting up a group:
Forming: building commonalities
Norming: towards consensus, opportunity to lead
Storming: focused on goals, manage process, integrating
Performing:
In which stage of Tuckman’s theory do you have conflict resolution?
Storming
What is the communication theory?
(Shannon-Weaver Model, 1949)
Foundational theory based on this theory
Noise
channel source---->encoder---------------->decoder---->receiver | | Message | | | |
What are the primary factors in good communication?
- Frequency of communication
- Candor (honesty) of the communication
- Content of the communication
- Emotional impact of the communication