Foundation of Practice Flashcards

1
Q

What are the foundations of practice

A

A. Professional practice
B. Methodologies & Theories
C. Rules, regulations, & requirements
D. Interprofessional collaboration

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2
Q

ANA definition of NI (2008)

A
Nursing informatics is a specialty that:
A. integrates nursing science
B. Computer science
C. Information science
to manage and communicate:
1. Data
2. Information
3. Knowledge and
4. Wisdom    in nursing practice
NI Supports:
a. consumers
b. patients
c. nurses
d. other providers    in their decision-making in all roles and settings.
This support is accomplished through:
i. use of information structures
ii. information processes
iii. information technology
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3
Q

ANA definition of NI (2015)

A
NI is a specialty that integrates nursing science with multiple information and analytical sciences to:
A. Identify
B. Define
C. Manage and
D. Communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice
NI supports:
1. Nurses
2. Consumers
3. Patients
4. Users
5. Interprofessional healthcare team
6. Other stakeholders in their decision-making roles and settings to achieve desired outcomes

This support is accomplished through the use of:

a. information structures,
b. information processes, and
c. information technology

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4
Q

Tenents (beliefs) of Nursing Informatics

A
  1. A unique body of knowledge, preparation, and experience that aligns with the nursing profession.
  2. Involves the synthesis of data & information into knowledge & wisdom
  3. Supports decision-making of healthcare consumers, nurses, and other professionals achieve healthcare consumer safety and advocacy
  4. Supports data analytics, including quality of care measures, to improve population health outcomes and global health
  5. Promotes data integrity and the access and exchange of health data for all consumers of health information
  6. Supports national and international agendas of interoperability and the efficient and effective transfer and delivery of data, information, and knowledge
  7. Ensures that collaboration is an integral characteristic of practice
  8. Interleaves user experience and computer-human interaction concepts throughout practice
  9. Incorporates key ethical concerns of NI such as advocacy, privacy, and assurance of the confidentiality and security of data and information
  10. Considers the impact of technological changes on patient safety, healthcare delivery, quality, reporting, and the nursing process
  11. Leads in the design and promotion of useful, innovative information technologies that advance practice and achieve desired outcomes

(Scope & Standards )

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5
Q

What year did the ANA identify NI as a nursing specialty?

A

1992

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6
Q

When was the first scope of practice statement for NI published?

A

1994

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7
Q

When was the ANA Standards of Practice for NI released?

A

1995

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8
Q

When was the scope and standards of NI practice released combining both scope and standards of practice?

A

2001 then updated in 2008

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9
Q

What are analytical sciences?

A

A listing of sciences that integrate with NI includes:

  1. computer science
  2. cognitive science
  3. science of terminologies and taxonomies (including naming and coding conventions)
  4. information management
  5. library science
  6. heuristics
  7. archival science
  8. mathematics
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10
Q

What are the NI competencies for all RNs?

A

TIGER-Technology informatics guiding education reform identified that all nurses in every role must be prepared to make HIT. TIGER formed an informatics competency collaborative which defines the competencies recommended for the NI discipline:

  1. Basic computer skills
  2. Information literacy
  3. information management
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11
Q

According to Staggers, Gassert, Curran 2002, what are the levels of informatics competencies?

A
  1. Beginning nurse
  2. Experienced nurse
  3. Informatics nurse specialist
  4. Innovator
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12
Q

Name some additional competencies

A
  1. Pierce, Tanner, & Pravikoff (2005) information literacy
  2. Telehealth competencies (ATA, ICN)
  3. Genetics & genomics competencies
  4. National league for nursing
  5. Amer Assoc of College of Nurses
  6. Forecasting informatics competencies for nurses in the future of connected health IOS Press 2017
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13
Q

Name the types of roles

A
  1. Project manager
  2. Decision support/outcomes
  3. Educator
  4. Product developer
  5. Systems analyst
  6. Consultant
  7. Programmer
  8. Advocate/policy developer
  9. Web developer
  10. CIO/CNIO
  11. Entrepreneur
  12. Researcher
  13. Sales and Marketing
  14. Consumer advocate
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14
Q

What are the functional areas: Informatics nurses

A
  1. Administration, leadership, & management
  2. Systems analysis & design
  3. Compliance & integrity management
  4. Consultation
  5. Coordination, facilitation, & integration
  6. Development
  7. Educational & professional development
  8. Genetics & genomics
  9. Information management/operational architecture
  10. Policy development & advocacy
  11. Quality & performance improvement
  12. Research & evaluation
  13. Safety, security & environmental health
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15
Q

What are the standards of nursing informatics Practice?

A
  1. Evaluates quality & effectiveness of NI practice
  2. Performance appraisal
  3. Maintains knowledge and NI competency-life-long learning
  4. Contributes to the professional development of others
  5. Bases decisions and actions on ethical principles
  6. Collaborates with others
  7. Contributes to the body of informatics research
  8. 16 Standards are highlighted with measurement criteria
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16
Q

What are the NI Standards of practice?

A
Standard 1: Assessment
Standard 2: Diagnosis, Problems & Issues Identification
Standard 3: Outcomes Identification
Standard 4: Planning
Standard 5: Implementation
Standard 6: Evaluation
Standard 7: Ethics
Standard 8: Education
Standard 9: Evidence-Based Practice and Research
Standard 10: Quality of Practice
Standard 11: Communication
Standard 12: Leadership
Standard 13: Collaboration
Standard 14: Professional Practice Evaluation
Standard 15: Resource Utilization
Standard 16: Environmental Health
ADOPIEEEEQCLCPRE
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17
Q

What makes up EBP?

A
  1. Literature searches
  2. Clinical practice guidelines
  3. Clinical protocols

Boolean search

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18
Q

Definition of EBP

A
  • A problem-solving approach to clinical decision-making within a healthcare organization
  • Integrates best available scientific evidence with best available experience
  • Uses research & non-research evidence (ethical or personal)
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19
Q

Evidence-Based nursing practice is the process:

A

By which nurses make a clinical decision using:

  1. The best available research evidence
  2. Their clinical expertise
  3. Patient preferences
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20
Q

Formulating answerable clinical questions is the foundation of EBP.

A
  1. Start with the patient: clinical problems & questions arise out of patient care
  2. Translate the clinical questions into a searchable question using PICOT
  3. Decide on the best type of study to address the question
  4. Perform a literature search in the appropriate sources
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21
Q

What is the PICOT model to support EBP

A
P-Population/condition
I-Intervention
C-Comparison
O-Outcome
T-Time of study
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22
Q

What is the ACE Star Model of EBP (2004)?

A

5 points of knowledge transformation:

  1. Discovery
  2. Summary
  3. Translation
  4. Integration
  5. Evaluation
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23
Q

NI support nurses, consumers, patients, interprofessional healthcare team, and stakeholders through the use of which three things?

A
  1. Information structures
  2. Information processes
  3. Information technology
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24
Q

Name a Metastructure

A
DIK (Blum-1986)
1. Data
2, Information
3. Knowledge
4. Wisdom
DIKW (Graves & Corcoran-1989)
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25
Q

What is Data?

A

Discrete entities that are described objectively with interpretation

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26
Q

What is Information?

A

Data that have been:

  1. Interpreted
  2. Organized or
  3. Structured
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27
Q

What is Knowledge?

A

Information that is synthesized so that relationships are identified and formalized

Focuses on what is known

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28
Q

The appropriate use of knowledge involves?

A

Integration of empirical, ethical, personal, and aesthetic knowledge into actions

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29
Q

What is Wisdom?

A

The appropriate use of knowledge to manage and solve human problems.

It consists of knowing when and how to apply knowledge to deal with complex problems or specific human needs

Focuses on the appropriate application of that knowledge and an appreciation of the consequences of selected actions

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30
Q

Example of DIKW

A

(D) A nurse receives list of numbers (28, 68, 94, 98, 110) which are just raw data and meaningless

(I) If the numbers are ordered or structured and identified as follows: T 98, P 94, R, 28, BP 110/68, the nurse recognizes this series and measurements of vital signs and will regard those numbesrs as information

(K) Applying context to the information knowing that these numbers mean different things in different populations such as NB and Adults.

(W) Nurse can take appropriate action

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31
Q

Relationship of Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom

Nelson 2002

A

Data - naming, collecting, and organizing
Information - Organizing and interpreting
Knowledge - Interpreting, integrating, and understanding
Wisdom - Understanding, applying and applying with compassion

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32
Q

NI is concerned with

A
Creation
Structure
Storage
Delivery
Exchange
Interoperability
Reuse of nursing and clinical information along the continuum of care.
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33
Q

What is the informatics nurse specialist often responsible for?

A

Implementing or coordinating projects
involving multiple professions and specialties
Support other RNs to best use data, information, knowledge, and technology

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34
Q

NIs support through the use of:

A

Information structures
Information processes
Information technology

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35
Q

NIs Foci

A

Information user, information recipients, exchange data, information, knowledge, and wisdom

Design, structure, interpretation, and representation of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom

Design, develop, implement, and evaluate applications and technologies, ensuring their safety, quality, effectiveness, efficiency, and usability

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36
Q

Standardized terminologies

A

Have become a significant vehicle for facilitating interoperability between different concepts, nomenclatures, and information systems

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37
Q

How is the HITECH’s act (2009) continuing to evolve, map, and integrate concepts as well as research efforts in today’s terminology environment?

A

HITECH funding continue to stimulate more rapid movement towards electronic data capture and health information exchange (HIE)
Two examples:
1-International classification for nursing practice (ICNP)-developed and maintained by the International Council of Nurses (ICN), provides a global cross-map of nursing terminologies and unite practice through comparison, new research generation, and to inform and influence health policy. ICNP has harmonized with SNOMED CT and offers more than 18 diff translations
2-Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine or (SNOMED CT) is a comprehensive universal healthcare reference terminology and messaging structure. Enables multiple nursing terminology systems to be mapped to one another thru harmonized concepts.

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38
Q

ANA Recognized terminologies and data element sets

Data Element Sets

A
ANA-Recognized Informatics System
Data Element Sets: 
1-Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS) 
1-Developed by nursing
1-Contains: Clinical data elements

2-Nursing Manamgnet Minimum Data Set (NMMDS)
2-Developed by all settings
2-Contains: Nursing administrative data elements

39
Q

ANA Recognized terminologies and data element sets

Nursing-Developed Terminologies

A

CCC-Clinical Care Classification System
Developed by-all nursing care & other HCP
Contains-Dx, interventions, & outcomes

ICNP-International Classification for Nursing Practice
Developed by-all nursing
Contains-Dx, interventions, & outcomes

NANDA-NANDA International
Developed by-all nursing
Contains-Dx

NIC-Nursing Interventions Classification
Developed by-all nursing
Contains-Interventions

NOC-Nursing Outcomes Classification
Developed by-all nursing
Contains-Outcomes

Omaha System-
Developed by-Home care, public health, & community
Contains-Dx, interventions, & outcomes

PNDS-Perioperative Nursing Data Set
Developed by-perioperative care setting
Contains-Dx, interventions, & outcomes

40
Q

ANA Recognized terminologies and data element sets

Multidisciplinary Terminologies

A

ABC-ABC Codes
Developed by-Nursing and other HCP
Contains-interventions

LOINC-Logical Observation Identifiers, Names, and Codes
Developed by-nursing and other HCP
Contains-outcomes and assessments

SNOMED CT-Systematic Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms
Developed by-nursing & other HCP
Contains-Dx, interventions, & outcomes

41
Q

Office of the National Coordinator (ONC) for Health Information Technology (HIT)

A

A joint effort by US Federal Govt to standardize terms to describe HC practice

42
Q

ONC HIT Standards Committee Recommended Clinical Vocabulary Standards:

CVX

A

Codes for Vaccines Administration
Setting application-nursing and other
Content-vaccines (administered)

43
Q

ONC HIT Standards Committee Recommended Clinical Vocabulary Standards:

CPT

A

Current Procedural Terminology
Setting application-other
Content-medical, sx, & dx services rendered for claims

44
Q

ONC HIT Standards Committee Recommended Clinical Vocabulary Standards:

CDC-PHIN/VADS

A

CDC-Public Health Information Network/Vocabulary Access and Distribution System
Setting application-nursing and other
Content-patient characteristic (admin gender, DOB)

45
Q

ONC HIT Standards Committee Recommended Clinical Vocabulary Standards:

HCPCS

A

Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System
Setting application-other
Content-medical, sx, dx services rendered for claims

46
Q

ONC HIT Standards Committee Recommended Clinical Vocabulary Standards:

ICD-9 CM

A

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-Procedural Coding System (9th ed)
Setting application-nursing and other
Content-Dx and assessments

47
Q

ONC HIT Standards Committee Recommended Clinical Vocabulary Standards:

ICD-10 CM

A

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-Clinical Modification (10 ed)
Setting application-nursing and other
Content-Dx and assessments

48
Q

ONC HIT Standards Committee Recommended Clinical Vocabulary Standards:

ICD-10 PCS

A

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-Procedural Coding System (10th ed)
Setting application-nursing and other
Content-dx and assessments

49
Q

ONC HIT Standards Committee Recommended Clinical Vocabulary Standards:

ICF

A

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
Setting application-nursing and other
Content dx-functional status

50
Q

ONC HIT Standards Committee Recommended Clinical Vocabulary Standards:

ISO-639

A

International Organization for Standardization Standard 639
Setting application-nursing and other
Content-representation of languages & language groups

51
Q

ONC HIT Standards Committee Recommended Clinical Vocabulary Standards:

LOINC

A

Logical Observation Identifiers, Names, and Codes
Setting application-nursing and other
Content-outcomes and assessments

52
Q

ONC HIT Standards Committee Recommended Clinical Vocabulary Standards:

RxNORM

A

RxNORM
Setting application-nursing and other
Content-normalized clinical drug names

53
Q

ONC HIT Standards Committee Recommended Clinical Vocabulary Standards:

SNOMED CT

A

Systematic Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms
Setting application-nursing and other
Content-Dx, interventions, & outcomes

54
Q

ONC HIT Standards Committee Recommended Clinical Vocabulary Standards:

UCUM

A

Unified Code for Units of Measures
Setting application-nursing and other
Content-Units of measure for results

55
Q

What does HL7 Stand for?

A

Health Level Seven International

56
Q

What does IHTSDO stand for?

A

International Health Terminology Standards Development Organization

57
Q

What 4 tools from Information Science & computer science are fundamental to NI?

A

1: Information Management-elemental process by which one files, stores, manipulates, and reports data for various users
2: Information Communication-enables systems to send data and to present information in formats that improve understanding
3: Information Structures-organize data, information, and knowledge for processing by computers
4: Information technology-includes computer hardware, software, communication, and network technologies, derived from computer science.

58
Q

ISO 9241-11 : Usability

A

The extent to which a product can be used by specific users in a specific context to achieve specific goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction.

Fundamentally about patient safety and human performance with tools and systems

59
Q

Resources promoting details about usability are?

A

1: Health Information & Mgmt Systems Society (HIMSS_
2: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
3: US Food & Drug Admin (FDA)
4: TIGER Initiative
5: Jakob Nielsen of the Nielsen Norman Group

60
Q

What does HCI examine?

A

The interaction and influence between
people
software applications
computer technology

Rooted in:
     psychology
     cognitive science
     sociology
     computer science
     information science
61
Q

What does HCI address?

A
Design
Development
Procurement
Implementation
Evaluation 

of applications as well as other components associated with the SLC

62
Q

The Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) identifies ergonomics (human factors) as:

A

the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data, and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance

The concepts of efficiency, effectiveness, and safety are integral and apply to the client, consumer, and others

63
Q

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9241-11 defines user experience as:

A

a person’s perceptions and responses that result from the use or anticipated use of a product, system or service

64
Q

Staggers (2014) identified interrelationship of the user experience as:

A

Encompassing human factors, HCI, ergonomics, and usability

65
Q

What are the 4 key concepts of metaparadigm of nursing?

A

Nurse
Person
Health
Environment

66
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

A

Administration, leadership, & management
Systems analysis & design
Compliance & integrity management
Consultation
Coordination, facilitation, & integration
Development of systems, products, & resources
Educational & professional development
Genetics & genomics
Information management/operational architecture
Policy development & advocacy
Quality & performance improvement
Research & evaluation
Safety, security, & environmental health

67
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Administration, Leadership, and Management

Name positions that may be held by INS

A

Chief Nursing Informatics Officer (CNIO)
Chief Information Officer (CIO)
Director

In these roles they are visionaries & establish the direction of large-scale informatics solutions

Serves as a catalyst for developing strategic plans & creating national or system policies and procedures, while serving as a champion for integrated projects and systems

68
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Administration, Leadership, and Management

Name positions that may be held by INS in mid-level management

A
Supervise resources and activities for all phases of the SLC to include:
     analysis
     requirements gathering
     design
     development
     selection and purchase
     testing
     implementation
     evaluation of systems 
     support
69
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Systems Analysis and Design

Name the tools and resources that an NI would use to accomplish data aggregation

A
Data flow diagrams
Entity-relationship modeling
Taxonomies
Clinical Vocabularies
Quality indicators
70
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Systems Analysis and Design

Major responsibilities of the IN or INS

A

Understand workflow processes
Understand particular informatics solutions
Understand how these affect each other

enhances safety and reduce inefficiencies in a HC environment

71
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Systems Analysis and Design

Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD)

A

Using sound methodologies & practical evidence-based recommendations, the INS can discover information & knowledge related to diverse areas of nursing practice

72
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Systems Analysis and Design

What are some knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) methods?

A

Data mining

Machine learning methods

73
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Systems Analysis and Design

Analysis

A

Required for the use of clinical:
vocabularies
languages,
taxonomies

Nursing languages must be re-evaluated for their applicability and currency

74
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Systems Analysis and Design

Analysis of a meta-database

A

(such as Unified Medical language System [UMLS])
requires knowledge of nursing and medical vocabularies in order to analyze groups of taxonomies & map them to similar terms. (ex: SNOMED CT to ICD-10 CM) to aid in meeting & attesting to MU requirements

75
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Systems Analysis and Design

Outcomes analysis

A
r/t any domain of nursing practice:
     clinical
     education
     research
     administration
76
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Systems Analysis and Design

Analysis can include the use of human-computer interaction principals and methods. Name tools & methods that the IN or INS use to evaluate the match of systems to users, tasks, & contexts

A

Heuristics
Cognitive walk-through

Analysts use other tools to:
1-maintain data integrity & reliability
2-facilitate data aggregation & analysis
3-identify outcomes
4-identify organizational barriers
5-develop performance measures

These techniques allow nurses to contribute to building a knowledge base consisting of the data, information, theories, & models used by nurses and other stakeholders in decision-making that supports quality health care.

77
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Compliance and Integrity Management

A

Computerized information systems must support compliance with the 1996 HIPAA efforts by limiting access to personally identifiable health information to only those who require and are authorized access.

Auditing systems that detect red flags, reporting systems that will preserve confidentiality or anonymity, and enterprise risk management (ERM) allows reporting of risks by everyone in an organization.

78
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Compliance and Integrity Management

Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)

A

Breaks down silos
Provides timely reporting of risks and opportunities at a high level for immediate attention through risk scoring and mapping

79
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Compliance and Integrity Management

The IN and INS mush ave & maintain the knowledge to effectively apply current ethical standards and regulatory requirements to help HCO to:

A
  • Revise operation procedures for staff
  • Establish technical processes to maintain compliance
  • Meet new regulatory mandates at local, state, national, and global levels
80
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Consultation

How are IN or INs consultants

A

Apply informatics knowledge & skills to serve as transformational leaders & resources for clients (formally & informally) in external & internal settings.

IN consultants are expected to have solid expertise in clinical nursing & areas such as:
process redesign
strategic IT planning
system implementation
writing for informatics & other publications
evaluating clinical software products
working w/clients to write requests for proposals
performing market research
assisting in the planning of conferences, academic courses, & prof development programs

81
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Consultation

Skills needed

A

Flexibility
Good communication skills
Solid nursing/healthcare delivery background
Breadth & depth of clinical and informatics knowledge
Excellent interpersonal skills

82
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Coordination, Facilitation, & Integration

A

Common role for NI is implementing informatics solutions

Nurses have well suited for IT implementation as it follows the nursing process of:
     Assessment
     Diagnosis
     Outcomes Identification, 
     Planning
     Implementation
     Evaluation

In or INs may serve as a project coordinator, facilitating change management & integrating the info & technology to transform processes

83
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Coordination, Facilitation, & Integration

How do IN and INs serve as a hub?

A

Serve as a hub for interprofessional communication & as a bridge & communication liaison between & among informatics solution users, clinical & nonclinical end users, & IT experts and staff. Often serve as translators & integrators addressing system requirements & impacts

84
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Coordination, Facilitation, & Integration

What is the role of the IN or INs once the engineer has created a product

A

The IN or INs evaluates the use and usability of the product from the viewpoint of the end-user (liaison type of facilitation & coordination)

Also, ensures that integration of nursing vocabularies & standardized nomenclatures in applications

85
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Development of Systems, Products, & Resources

How is the IN or INs key to the above?

A

translates user requirements into effective informatics solutions.

Development activities include:
conceptualizing models for applications
software and hardware design
design of education manuals and media
design of complex technology networks

86
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Development of Systems, Products, & Resources

What are some of the functions that IN and INs participate in?

A

Process of design
Iterative development
Testing
Dissemination of quality informatics solutions for nurses, other hcp, and consumers

87
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Development of Systems, Products, & Resources

IN and INs must be knowledgable about standards requirements…what are some of these standards?

A
  • Health Level Seven (HL7)
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
  • Current Procedural Terminology (CPT)
  • International Statistical Classification of Disease & Related Health Problems (ICD)
  • Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) group standards as well as
  • Section 508 accessibility standards
88
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Development of Systems, Products, & Resources

Example

A

A developer employed by a PHR software vendor creates user-friendly screens for consumers to enter info as well as screens for nurses to display & interpret the data

89
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Administration, Leadership, and Management

Example

A

INS at a large hospital system supervising an implementation & education team, representing nursing interests on various IT committees, performing project management for multiple documentation projects, and having oversight of nursing standards and vocabularies used in applications.

90
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Systems Analysis & Design

Example

A

A nursing analyst in a hospice setting tracks health consumer data to establish a weighted case mix to determine nursing personnel allocations.

91
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Consultation

Example

A

The project coordinator for a statewide electronic health record implementation coordinates all aspects of the project and supervises an interdisciplinary team to prepare public health personnel to use the application.

92
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Education & Professional Development

What is the role of the IN or INs in education and professional development?

A

May directly affect the success or failure of any new or modified IT solution

Teaching about the effective and ethical uses of information technology, as well as NI concepts & theories, is essential for the optimal use of informatics solutions in nursing practice.

Continuing education is essential in the ever-changing requirements in healthcare information technology

93
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Education & Professional Development

What is the role of the IN or INs in education and professional development?

A

Educators and trainers assess & evaluate informatics skills and competencies while providing feedback to the learner regarding the effectiveness of the activity and the learner’s ability to demonstrate newly acquired skills.

Educators and trainers:
     manage
     evaluate
     report
     utilize data and information r/t specific learner & the educational delivery system
94
Q

What are the Functional areas of NI?

Education & Professional Development

As NI innovators

A
  • Define & develop educational technologies
  • Integrate solutions into educational & practice enviorn
  • Challenge organizations to consider & adopt innovative informatics solutions