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Aviation > Meteorology > Flashcards

Meteorology Flashcards

1
Q

MI

A

Shallow

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2
Q

BC

A

Patches

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3
Q

PR

A

Partial

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4
Q

DR

A

Drifting

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5
Q

BL

A

Blowing

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6
Q

SH

A

Showers

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7
Q

TS

A

Thunderstorm

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8
Q

FZ

A

Freezing

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9
Q

VC

A

In the Vicinity

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10
Q

DZ

A

Drizzle

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11
Q

RA

A

Rain

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12
Q

SN

A

Snow

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13
Q

SG

A

Snow Grains

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14
Q

IC

A

Ice Crystals

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15
Q

PL

A

Ice Pellets

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16
Q

GR

A

Hail

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17
Q

GS

A

Snow Pellets

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18
Q

UP

A

Unknown Precipitation

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19
Q

BR

A

Mist
(If vis is equal to or greater than ⅝ statute mile. Less than that it’s Fog “Fogless”)

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20
Q

FG

A

Fog

Less than ⅝ statute mile visibility, otherwise it’s Mist. “Fogless”

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21
Q

FU

A

Smoke

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22
Q

DU

A

Dust

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23
Q

SA

A

Sand

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24
Q

HZ

A

Haze

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25
Q

VA (weather)

A

Volcanic Ash

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26
Q

PO

A

Dust/Sand Whirls

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27
Q

SQ

A

Squalls

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28
Q

FC

A

Funnel Cloud

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29
Q

+FC

A

Tornado or Waterspout

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30
Q

SS

A

Sandstorm

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31
Q

DS

A

Dust Storm

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32
Q

As a warm front passes, the wind will

A

Veer

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33
Q
  1. The ICAO Standard Adiabatic Lapse Rate
A

1.98ºC per 1,000 feet.

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34
Q
  1. The Saturated Adiabatic Lapse Rate
A

1.5ºC per 1,000 feet.

35
Q
  1. The Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate
A

3ºC per 1,000 feet.

36
Q

Advection fog

A

Advection fog occurs when a warm, moist air mass flows across a colder surface. Also, wind is required, “windvection!”

37
Q

Steam fog or sea smoke

A

Occurs when evaporation takes place into cold, dry air lying over warmer water

38
Q

Radiation fog

A

On a cloudless night, especially within a high pressure system, the land surface loses heat to the atmosphere by radiation and cools. Moist air in contact with cooling surface also cools and when the temperature falls below the dew point for that air, fog forms. On clear nights, with relatively little to no wind present, radiation fog may develop. Usually, it forms in low-lying areas like mountain valleys

39
Q

Conditions associated with stable air

A
  • poor visibility
  • stratus cloud formations
  • steady winds
  • steady precipitation
  • very little or no turbulence

(STABLE POO-STSTST-NOTURD)

40
Q

Conditions associated with unstable air

A
  • good visibility
  • cumulus cloud formations
  • gusty winds
  • precipitation
  • turbulent conditions

(UNSTABLE

41
Q

Characteristics typically found at a cold front

A
  1. unstable air
  2. cumulus cloud formations
  3. precipitation
  4. gusty winds
  5. good visibility

The intensity of the weather at a cold front will depend on the stability of the air, the moisture content, and the speed of the advancing cold front.

(COLD IS UNLIKE A STABLE)

42
Q

How might the weather change as a warm front passes?

A
  1. The visibility will remain poor for a period of time.
  2. Atmospheric Pressure will decrease as the warm front approaches and will increase slowly as the warm front passes.
  3. A slow rise in temperature will come as the warm front approaches.
  4. The wind tends to veer with the passing of a warm front.
43
Q

Wind and Advection

A

Windvection! Wind is needed for Advection

44
Q

Standard Pressure in hectopascals, lb/sqin, and Hg

A

1013.2 mb (hPa)
14.7lb/in2
29.92 Hg

45
Q

How high are Cirro/Cirrus Clouds?

A

20,000ft+

46
Q

How high are “Low” clouds?

A

0 - 6,500ft

47
Q

How high are “Middle”/Alto clouds?

A

6,500 - 23,000ft

48
Q

GFA: ISOLD

A

Isolated clouds 25% or less

49
Q

GFA: OCNL

A

Occasional Cloud 26% - 50%

50
Q

GFA: FRQ

A

Frequent Clouds Greater than 50%

51
Q

GFA: CAT Symbol

A

Clear Air Turbulence

52
Q

FD 75006-37

A

Subtract 50, e.g, 250 Degrees True at 106kts, at negative 37 degrees Celcius

53
Q

FD Wind Speed of 199

A

Means wind is more than 199kts

54
Q

FD 269746

A

260 True at 97kts, NEGATIVE 46 degrees Celcius

55
Q

How do you calculate cloud bases?

A

In AGL: Take the dewpoint spread, and divide by 2.5 degrees. Multiply by 1000ft.

In ASL: Add the station elevation to the above.

56
Q

What is the dew point decrease rate?

A

0.5 degrees per 1000 feet

57
Q

Surface Temp 15°
Surface Dew Point 5°

Find:
Height of Cloud Bases
Dew Point at Cloud Bases
Freezing Level

A

Height of Cloud Bases
2° Standard Adiabatic - 0.5° Dew Point Decrease per 100ft = 1.5°. 2.5°/10° spread = 4,000ft.

Dew Point at Cloud Bases
5° - (0.5°x4) = 3°.

Freezing Level
3°/1.5° Saturated Adiabatic - 2*1000ft = 2000 + 4000ft = 6000ft AGL. Add station elevation for ASL.

58
Q

Name the Octas:

Clear
Few
Scattered
Broken
Overcast

A

Clear
Few 2 (less than 1/8 to 2/8)
Scattered 3-4
Broken 5-7
Overcast

59
Q

Buys Ballot’s Law

A

If you stand with your back to the wind, the lower pressure area will be on your left side. In the southern hemisphere, the reverse is the case.

60
Q

The change group “Probability” (PROB) indicates:

A

The 30 or 40% probability of certain weather conditions.

61
Q

In order for a TAF to be issued a minimum of ____ METARs must be recorded.

A

2
(2 observations are needed to establish a trend)

62
Q

UACN10/01

A

PIREP/URGENT PIREP

63
Q

WA, as in WACN23

A

AIRMET
CN Canadian Airspace
FIR 23 is Winnipeg flight information region

64
Q

WS
as in WSCN23

A

WS Is a Sigmet
CN Canadian Airspace
FIR 23 (Winnipeg flight information region)

65
Q

LCL
PATCHY
XTNSV

A

Non-convective GFA weather

LCL 25% or less
PATCHY >25% to 50%
XTNSV >50%

66
Q

QS on a GFA

A

Quasi-Stationary Front, less than 5kts

67
Q
A

Broken or overcast organized clouds

68
Q
A

Continuous freezing precipitation

Intermittent freezing precipitation

69
Q
A

Moderate icing

Severe icing

70
Q
A

Moderate low-level turbulence

Severe low level turbulence

Moderate high level turbulence

Severe high level turbulence

71
Q

What’s steeper, a warm front or cold?

A

A cold front, which is why cold fronts usually feature a narrow band of bad weather, isolated along the front. After the approach of a cold front the weather gets remarkably better.

Warm fronts are much shallower in slope, which is why the cloud formations are much more stratus.

72
Q

CAVOK

A

(cloud and visibility OK) when the following conditions exist simultaneously:
Visibility is 10km or more. No CB or TCU and no cloud below 5000 feet or Minimum Sector Altitude (MSA) (whichever is the greater). 6SM vis or more.

73
Q

The maximum period of validity for a TAF is…

A

30 hours

74
Q

What is one of the most easily recognized discontinuities across a front?

A

Temperature (and therefore you should adjust your altimiter)

75
Q

Gust vs Squall

A

A gust is rapid and irregular
A squall is of longer duration

76
Q

Supercooled water droplets are often found in abundance in clouds at temperatures between…

A

0ºC and -15ºC.

77
Q

The diurnal change of surface wind velocity is such that during the day the surface wind
will usually

A

veer and increase in speed.

78
Q

The forecast surface wind will be included in a GFA if it has a sustained speed of at least
. . . . . kt.

A

20kts

79
Q

The diurnal change of surface wind velocity is such that during the day the surface wind
will usually

A

veer and increase in speed.

80
Q

The presence of vertical air currents caused by terrestrial radiation is called…

A

convective turbulence.

81
Q

As a cold front approaches and then passes, the air pressure will…

A

decrease as the cold front approaches and increase as it passes.

When a mass of cold air overtakes a mass of warm air, the cold air being more dense stays on the surface and undercuts the warm air violently. As a result, the slope is quite steep making a relatively narrow band of cloud cover of 50 nautical miles. A sharp fall in temperature, a rise in pressure and a rapid clearing usually occur with the passage of the cold front.

82
Q

Snow, then ice pellets =

A

Death. (Freezing Rain)

83
Q

TAFs are an aerodrome forecast which is intended to cover…

A

a five mile radius from the centre of the aerodrome issuing the TAF.

84
Q

How far beyond a thunderstorm can severe turbulence occur?

A

Typically 20 nautical miles

Aviation (5 decks)

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