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ATPL God Notes > Meteorology > Flashcards

Meteorology Flashcards

1
Q

How is temperature rounded when reported?

A

Rounded normally

e.g. 2.2 = 2 and 2.5 = 3

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2
Q

When does the daily min and max temps occur?

A 
Max = Noon + 2hrs
Min = Sunrise + 30mins
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3
Q

Outline the ISA conditions?

A

Temp = 15 Celsius
Pressure = 1013.25 hPa
Density = 1.225kg/m^3
Lapse rate = 1.98 Celsius per 1000ft

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4
Q

When flying from high to low pressure what will happen to true altitude?

A

Decrease

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5
Q

What is QFE?

A

The pressure that when set will indicate HEIGHT above ground

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6
Q

What is QNH?

A

QFE changed to indicate altitude AMSL using ISA lapse rates

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7
Q

What is QFF?

A

Same as QNH but using the actual pressure lapse rate

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8
Q

What is an isobar?

A

Lines of equal pressure

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9
Q

What is QNE?

A

The height indicated at an airfield when 1013 is set on the altimeter

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10
Q

How does an altimeter read in air of different temperatures?

A

Cold air = over reads

Warm air = under reads

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11
Q

When is the SPS set when climbing?

A

When passing the transition altitude or when cleared to a FL

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12
Q

What is the minimum gap between the transition altitude and transition level and what is this called?

A

500ft and is called the transition layer

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13
Q

When ATIS/ATC give wind direction is this in mag or true?

A

Magnetic

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14
Q

On METARs is wind direction given in magnetic or true?

A

True

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15
Q

What direction are veer and back respectively?

A 
Veer = clockwise
Back = anti clockwise
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16
Q

What is buys ballots law?

A

Back to the wind the low pressure is on your left (in the northern hemisphere)

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17
Q

What is wind shear?

A

The rate of change of the wind in a specific area

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18
Q

What is required for mountain waves to form?

A

Stable sandwich
Wind blowing within 30 degrees of perpendicular to ridge
Min wind speed of 15 kts and increasing with height

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19
Q

Where can clear air turbulence be found?

A

Troughs, ridges, jetstreams and when isohypses diverge/converge (always above friction layer)

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20
Q

How can mountain waves be avoided?

A

Fly parallel to the ridge

Fly at elevation x2

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21
Q

When is thermal turbulence the greatest?

A

During early afternoon

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22
Q

What causes mechanical turbulence?

A

Air flowing over the earths surface and terrain obstructing the normal airflow

23
Q

What is the dew point?

A

The temperature at which water vapour begins to condense

24
Q

What is the value of the DALR?

A

3 Celsius per 1000ft

25
Q

What is the value of the SALR?

A

1.8 Celsius per 1000ft

26
Q

When does absolute instability occur?

A

When the ELR is greater than DALR

27
Q

When does absolute stability occur?

A

When the ELR is less than the SALR

28
Q

When does conditional instability occur?

A

When the ELR is between the DALR and SALR

29
Q

What is the average ELR?

A

2 Celsius per 1000ft

30
Q

What altitudes are classed as low, medium and high level cloud levels?

A

Below 6500ft = low
6500-23000ft = medium
23000ft and above = high

31
Q

What altitudes can nimbostratus clouds be found?

A

Low and medium levels

32
Q

What is virga?

A

Precipitation that doesn’t reach the ground

33
Q

How is cloud cover defined? (octas)

A 
0 = clear skies
1-2 = few
3-4 = scattered
5-7 = broken
8 = overcast
34
Q

What the four ways CBS can be defined as?

A 
ISOL = individual 
OCNL = well separated 
FRQ = little or no separation
EMBD = embedded
35
Q

Define cloud base?

A

The height of the lowest cloud above an airfield

36
Q

Define cloud ceiling?

A

The lowest height of a BK base (below 20000ft) above ground or water

37
Q

What visibility does fog (FG), mist (BR) and haze (HZ) give?

A 
Fog = less than 1km
Mist = 1km to 5km
Haze = 1km to 5km (only formed from solid particles not water particles)
38
Q

In order what precipitation causes the lowest visibility? (highest to lowest)

A 
Hail (GR) (highest)
Rain (RA)
Drizzle (DZ)
Sleet (RASN)
Snow (SN) (lowest)
39
Q

What is the visibility in hill fog?

A

Less than 200m

40
Q

What are the 3 categories for rain intensity?

A

Light
Moderate
Heavy

41
Q

What are the categories for the intensity of icing?

A

Light
Moderate
Severe

42
Q

What can be assumed when a CB or TS is forecast?

A

Mod/severe icing and turbulence

Hail

43
Q

When avoiding a TS visually how far must you avoid it by?

A

10nm

44
Q

If you wish to overfly a thunderstorm by how much must you overfly?

A

5000ft

45
Q

What is a front?

A

Where two air masses of different temp and humidity meet

46
Q

How fast does a cold front move?

A

Full geostrophic wind speed

47
Q

How fast does a warm front move?

A

2/3 geostrophic wind speed

48
Q

What does the letters D, N and U mean when associated with RVRs in METARs and TAFs?

A 
D= decreasing 
N = constant
U = increasing
49
Q

When are wind gusts reported?

A

When +10kts from mean wind speed

50
Q

What does CAVOK mean?

A

No cloud below 5000ft or highest MSA
Vis +10km
No CBS

51
Q

What does a TEMPO mean?

A

Less than 1hr in each instance

No more than 50% of forecast period in total

52
Q

What weather is associated with a cold front?

A

Unstable weather
CBS
TCUs
Precipitation 50nm either side of front

53
Q

What weather is expected at a warm front?

A 
Lowering cloud base towards the front
Stable
CI
CS
AS
NS
Precip 200nm ahead of front

ATPL God Notes (5 decks)

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