Meteorology

Question 1

How is temperature rounded when reported?

Answer 1

Rounded normally

e.g. 2.2 = 2 and 2.5 = 3

Question 2

When does the daily min and max temps occur?

Answer 2

Max = Noon + 2hrs
Min = Sunrise + 30mins

Question 3

Outline the ISA conditions?

Answer 3

Temp = 15 Celsius
Pressure = 1013.25 hPa
Density = 1.225kg/m^3
Lapse rate = 1.98 Celsius per 1000ft

Question 4

When flying from high to low pressure what will happen to true altitude?

Answer 4

Decrease

Question 5

What is QFE?

Answer 5

The pressure that when set will indicate HEIGHT above ground

Question 6

What is QNH?

Answer 6

QFE changed to indicate altitude AMSL using ISA lapse rates

Question 7

What is QFF?

Answer 7

Same as QNH but using the actual pressure lapse rate

Question 8

What is an isobar?

Answer 8

Lines of equal pressure

Question 9

What is QNE?

Answer 9

The height indicated at an airfield when 1013 is set on the altimeter

Question 10

How does an altimeter read in air of different temperatures?

Answer 10

Cold air = over reads

Warm air = under reads

Question 11

When is the SPS set when climbing?

Answer 11

When passing the transition altitude or when cleared to a FL

Question 12

What is the minimum gap between the transition altitude and transition level and what is this called?

Answer 12

500ft and is called the transition layer

Question 13

When ATIS/ATC give wind direction is this in mag or true?

Answer 13

Magnetic

Question 14

On METARs is wind direction given in magnetic or true?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What direction are veer and back respectively?

Answer 15

Veer = clockwise
Back = anti clockwise

Question 16

What is buys ballots law?

Answer 16

Back to the wind the low pressure is on your left (in the northern hemisphere)

Question 17

What is wind shear?

Answer 17

The rate of change of the wind in a specific area

Question 18

What is required for mountain waves to form?

Answer 18

Stable sandwich
Wind blowing within 30 degrees of perpendicular to ridge
Min wind speed of 15 kts and increasing with height

Question 19

Where can clear air turbulence be found?

Answer 19

Troughs, ridges, jetstreams and when isohypses diverge/converge (always above friction layer)

Question 20

How can mountain waves be avoided?

Answer 20

Fly parallel to the ridge

Fly at elevation x2

Question 21

When is thermal turbulence the greatest?

Answer 21

During early afternoon

Question 22

What causes mechanical turbulence?

Answer 22

Air flowing over the earths surface and terrain obstructing the normal airflow

Question 23

What is the dew point?

Answer 23

The temperature at which water vapour begins to condense

Question 24

What is the value of the DALR?

Answer 24

3 Celsius per 1000ft

Question 25

What is the value of the SALR?

Answer 25

1.8 Celsius per 1000ft

Question 26

When does absolute instability occur?

Answer 26

When the ELR is greater than DALR

Question 27

When does absolute stability occur?

Answer 27

When the ELR is less than the SALR

Question 28

When does conditional instability occur?

Answer 28

When the ELR is between the DALR and SALR

Question 29

What is the average ELR?

Answer 29

2 Celsius per 1000ft

Question 30

What altitudes are classed as low, medium and high level cloud levels?

Answer 30

Below 6500ft = low 6500-23000ft = medium 23000ft and above = high

Question 31

What altitudes can nimbostratus clouds be found?

Answer 31

Low and medium levels

Question 32

What is virga?

Answer 32

Precipitation that doesn’t reach the ground

Question 33

How is cloud cover defined? (octas)

Answer 33

``` 0 = clear skies 1-2 = few 3-4 = scattered 5-7 = broken 8 = overcast ```

Question 34

What the four ways CBS can be defined as?

Answer 34

``` ISOL = individual OCNL = well separated FRQ = little or no separation EMBD = embedded ```

Question 35

Define cloud base?

Answer 35

The height of the lowest cloud above an airfield

Question 36

Define cloud ceiling?

Answer 36

The lowest height of a BK base (below 20000ft) above ground or water

Question 37

What visibility does fog (FG), mist (BR) and haze (HZ) give?

Answer 37

``` Fog = less than 1km Mist = 1km to 5km Haze = 1km to 5km (only formed from solid particles not water particles) ```

Question 38

In order what precipitation causes the lowest visibility? (highest to lowest)

Answer 38

``` Hail (GR) (highest) Rain (RA) Drizzle (DZ) Sleet (RASN) Snow (SN) (lowest) ```

Question 39

What is the visibility in hill fog?

Answer 39

Less than 200m

Question 40

What are the 3 categories for rain intensity?

Answer 40

Light Moderate Heavy

Question 41

What are the categories for the intensity of icing?

Answer 41

Light Moderate Severe

Question 42

What can be assumed when a CB or TS is forecast?

Answer 42

Mod/severe icing and turbulence | Hail

Question 43

When avoiding a TS visually how far must you avoid it by?

Answer 43

10nm

Question 44

If you wish to overfly a thunderstorm by how much must you overfly?

Answer 44

5000ft

Question 45

What is a front?

Answer 45

Where two air masses of different temp and humidity meet

Question 46

How fast does a cold front move?

Answer 46

Full geostrophic wind speed

Question 47

How fast does a warm front move?

Answer 47

2/3 geostrophic wind speed

Question 48

What does the letters D, N and U mean when associated with RVRs in METARs and TAFs?

Answer 48

``` D= decreasing N = constant U = increasing ```

Question 49

When are wind gusts reported?

Answer 49

When +10kts from mean wind speed

Question 50

What does CAVOK mean?

Answer 50

No cloud below 5000ft or highest MSA Vis +10km No CBS

Question 51

What does a TEMPO mean?

Answer 51

Less than 1hr in each instance | No more than 50% of forecast period in total

Question 52

What weather is associated with a cold front?

Answer 52

Unstable weather CBS TCUs Precipitation 50nm either side of front

Question 53

What weather is expected at a warm front?

Answer 53

``` Lowering cloud base towards the front Stable CI CS AS NS Precip 200nm ahead of front ```