Metastrongyloidea (lungworms) Flashcards
what are the features of the superfamily metastrongyloidea and what is the common name
small buccal capsule
reduced copulatory bursa
mainly found in resp system
common name- lungworm
what are the different types of lifecycles for the lungsworm
simple direct
Intermediate host
direct lifecycles
explain the simple direct lifecycle
L1-L3 in feces
L3 ingested
migrates to lungs via lymphatic system
what is the genus of lungworm that does the simple direct life cycle and what hosts does it occur in
dictyocaulus (actually a trichostrongyloidea)
ruminants and horse
explain the intermediate host life cycle
L1-L3 in molluscs or earthworms
L3 ingested
migrates via lymphatics to lungs
what are the genera that use the intermediate host life cycle
what hosts do they affect
Protostrongylus (sheep/goat)
muellerius (sheep goat)
metastrongylus (pigs)
Aelurostrongylus (cats)
explain the direct life cycle of lungworm
L1 infects definitive host
what are the genera that use the direct life cycle of lungworm and what species do they infect
oslerus
filaroides
dogs
how do you diagnose lungworms
baermann technique
larvae with distinct morphology (can ID L1- characteristic kink in tail)
what are the lungworms of sheep and what are their usual sites in the body
Dictyocaulus filaria- bronchi
protostrongylus rufescens- bronchioles
muelleris capillaris- alveoli
what are the features of dictyocaulus filaria and where is it found
long thin worm small buccal capsule spongy spicules characteristic cap on larvae head oviviparous- L1 in egg when laid bronchi
what is the lifecycle of Dictyocaulus filaria
simple direct lifecycle L1 passed in feces L1-L3 in feces L3 migrates to herbage and is ingested Exsheaths in abomasum migrates to lungs via lymphatics
what is the PPP of dictyocaulus filaria
and what is the host
21 days
sheep/goats
what is the effect of Dictyocaulus filaria on the sheep
block airways excess mucus production damage to epithelium loss of mucociliary clearance intestinal pneumonia alveoli fill with fluid consolidation of lung lobules`
what are the CS of a sheep infected with dictyocaulus filaria and what is the diagnosis
chronic cough labored breathing secondary bacterial infection eosinophilia death
find larvae in feces
what are the features of protostrongylus rufescens and what species does it infect and wher
65 mm long (2nd largest)
slender, red worm
sheep in small bronchi and bronchioles
what is the life cycle of protostrongylus rufescens
intermediate host life cycle L1 in feces penetrates foot of snail L1-L3 in snail sheep ingests snail migrates via lymphatics to lungs (bronchioles)
what are the effects of protostrongylus rufescens on the host and what is the host
mild pneumonia
most infections are subclinical
sheep
what is the host of muellerius capillaris
features, predilection site, and type of lifecycle
sheep
tiny coiled worms in alveoli
L1 with kinked tail
intermediate host lifecycle as for protostrongylus rufescens
what is the effect of muelerius capillaris on the host and what is the host
high prevalence (70-80%)
non pathogenic in sheep
highly pathogenic in goats
what is the lungworm of cattle
dictyocaulus viviparous
what does dictyocaulus viviparous cause in the host and what is the host
major pathogen of cattle (calves)
cough, labored breathing
hypersensitivity reaction
develop strong immunity
what is the lungworm of horses
dictyocaulus arnfieldi
what does dictyocaulus arnfieldi cause in the host and how do you diagnose it
in trachea of horses, donkeys
mildly pathogenic
simple direct life cycle
diagnose: baerman, larvae with point on tail
what is the lungworm of deer and when does it become an issue
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis
in host other than deer->fatal neurological disease
what is the lungworm of cats
aelurostrongylus abstrusus
what are the features of aelurostrongylus abstrusus and what is the PPP
tiny nematode in alveoli
very common parasite (in VIC)
PPP is 6 weeks
what is the lifecycle of aelurostrongylus abstrusus
indirect (IH) lays eggs- L1 in feces L1--L3 in slug or snail cat eats slug or snail or animal that has eaten slug/snail larvae enter bloodstream->lungs
what is the effect of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus on the host and what is the host
generally subclinical mild cough weight loss eosinophilia cats
how do you diagnose aelurostrongylus abstrusus
baermann for larvae
differentiate from strongyloides cati by shape of tail
what are the lungworms of pigs and where are they found
what can they transmit
Metastrongylus salmi M. apri M. pudendotectus large worms found in bronchi transmit swine flu in egg
what are the lungworms of dogs and where are they located
Oslerus osleri (trachea)(common in dingoes) Angiostrongylus vasorum (pulmonary artery) (PPP 4-8 weeks) Filaroides hirthi (alveoli) (beagles)
