Metastrongyloidea (lungworms)

Question 1

what are the features of the superfamily metastrongyloidea and what is the common name

Answer 1

small buccal capsule
reduced copulatory bursa
mainly found in resp system
common name- lungworm

Question 2

what are the different types of lifecycles for the lungsworm

Answer 2

simple direct
Intermediate host
direct lifecycles

Question 3

explain the simple direct lifecycle

Answer 3

L1-L3 in feces
L3 ingested
migrates to lungs via lymphatic system

Question 4

what is the genus of lungworm that does the simple direct life cycle and what hosts does it occur in

Answer 4

dictyocaulus (actually a trichostrongyloidea)

ruminants and horse

Question 5

explain the intermediate host life cycle

Answer 5

L1-L3 in molluscs or earthworms
L3 ingested
migrates via lymphatics to lungs

Question 6

what are the genera that use the intermediate host life cycle
what hosts do they affect

Answer 6

Protostrongylus (sheep/goat)
muellerius (sheep goat)
metastrongylus (pigs)
Aelurostrongylus (cats)

Question 7

explain the direct life cycle of lungworm

Answer 7

L1 infects definitive host

Question 8

what are the genera that use the direct life cycle of lungworm and what species do they infect

Answer 8

oslerus
filaroides
dogs

Question 9

how do you diagnose lungworms

Answer 9

baermann technique

larvae with distinct morphology (can ID L1- characteristic kink in tail)

Question 10

what are the lungworms of sheep and what are their usual sites in the body

Answer 10

Dictyocaulus filaria- bronchi
protostrongylus rufescens- bronchioles
muelleris capillaris- alveoli

Question 11

what are the features of dictyocaulus filaria and where is it found

Answer 11

long thin worm
small buccal capsule
spongy spicules
characteristic cap on larvae head
oviviparous- L1 in egg when laid
bronchi

Question 12

what is the lifecycle of Dictyocaulus filaria

Answer 12

simple direct lifecycle
L1 passed in feces
L1-L3 in feces
L3 migrates to herbage and is ingested
Exsheaths in abomasum
migrates to lungs via lymphatics

Question 13

what is the PPP of dictyocaulus filaria

and what is the host

Answer 13

21 days

sheep/goats

Question 14

what is the effect of Dictyocaulus filaria on the sheep

Answer 14

block airways
excess mucus production
damage to epithelium
loss of mucociliary clearance
intestinal pneumonia
alveoli fill with fluid
consolidation of lung lobules`

Question 15

what are the CS of a sheep infected with dictyocaulus filaria and what is the diagnosis

Answer 15

chronic cough
labored breathing
secondary bacterial infection
eosinophilia
death

find larvae in feces

Question 16

what are the features of protostrongylus rufescens and what species does it infect and wher

Answer 16

65 mm long (2nd largest)
slender, red worm
sheep in small bronchi and bronchioles

Question 17

what is the life cycle of protostrongylus rufescens

Answer 17

intermediate host life cycle
L1 in feces
penetrates foot of snail
L1-L3 in snail
sheep ingests snail
migrates via lymphatics to lungs (bronchioles)

Question 18

what are the effects of protostrongylus rufescens on the host and what is the host

Answer 18

mild pneumonia
most infections are subclinical
sheep

Question 19

what is the host of muellerius capillaris

features, predilection site, and type of lifecycle

Answer 19

sheep
tiny coiled worms in alveoli
L1 with kinked tail
intermediate host lifecycle as for protostrongylus rufescens

Question 20

what is the effect of muelerius capillaris on the host and what is the host

Answer 20

high prevalence (70-80%)
non pathogenic in sheep
highly pathogenic in goats

Question 21

what is the lungworm of cattle

Answer 21

dictyocaulus viviparous

Question 22

what does dictyocaulus viviparous cause in the host and what is the host

Answer 22

major pathogen of cattle (calves)
cough, labored breathing
hypersensitivity reaction
develop strong immunity

Question 23

what is the lungworm of horses

Answer 23

dictyocaulus arnfieldi

Question 24

what does dictyocaulus arnfieldi cause in the host and how do you diagnose it

Answer 24

in trachea of horses, donkeys
mildly pathogenic
simple direct life cycle
diagnose: baerman, larvae with point on tail

Question 25

what is the lungworm of deer and when does it become an issue

Answer 25

Parelaphostrongylus tenuis

in host other than deer->fatal neurological disease

Question 26

what is the lungworm of cats

Answer 26

aelurostrongylus abstrusus

Question 27

what are the features of aelurostrongylus abstrusus and what is the PPP

Answer 27

tiny nematode in alveoli
very common parasite (in VIC)
PPP is 6 weeks

Question 28

what is the lifecycle of aelurostrongylus abstrusus

Answer 28

indirect (IH)
lays eggs- L1 in feces
L1--L3 in slug or snail
cat eats slug or snail or animal that has eaten slug/snail
larvae enter bloodstream->lungs

Question 29

what is the effect of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus on the host and what is the host

Answer 29

generally subclinical
mild cough
weight loss
eosinophilia
cats

Question 30

how do you diagnose aelurostrongylus abstrusus

Answer 30

baermann for larvae

differentiate from strongyloides cati by shape of tail

Question 31

what are the lungworms of pigs and where are they found

what can they transmit

Answer 31

Metastrongylus salmi
M. apri
M. pudendotectus
large worms found in bronchi
transmit swine flu in egg

Question 32

what are the lungworms of dogs and where are they located

Answer 32

Oslerus osleri (trachea)(common in dingoes)
Angiostrongylus vasorum (pulmonary artery) (PPP 4-8 weeks)
Filaroides hirthi (alveoli) (beagles)