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Philosophy > Metaphysics Test > Flashcards

Metaphysics Test Flashcards

1
Q

Idealism?

A

Reality constituted through the mind (Plato)

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2
Q

Materialism

A

Material world is the only thing that is real (locke)

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3
Q

Monism

A

All of reality is one substance; can be materialistic monist or idealistic monist. –> lao tzu, paremenides, & heraclitus

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4
Q

Dualism

A

Separated from mind and matter -> Descartes.

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5
Q

Herclitus

A

Monist- everything changes

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6
Q

Parminides

A

Nothing changes.

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7
Q

Locke on identity

A

Have to have a constant stream of consciousness

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8
Q

Anselm

A

Ontological argument, argued for the existence of God using apriori knowledge: said if we already know the concept of god we are fools to say he doesn’t exist + reality exists in mind and reality

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9
Q

Aquinas

A

5: motion, efficient cause, possibility&necessity, gradation, governance of the world.

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10
Q

Theism

A

Deity distinct from the world it creates

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11
Q

Deism

A

Supreme being created the world but does not intervene

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12
Q

Monotheism

A

One perfect God

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13
Q

Polytheism

A

Many gods

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14
Q

Pantheism

A

God not distinct from the world

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15
Q

Panentheism

A

everything exists in God

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16
Q

Ontological Argument

A

Proves existence of God through Apriori knowledge, anselm.

17
Q

Cosmological

A

Whatever exists must come from something else. - Aquinas + aposterori

18
Q

Argument from Design (tealogical arg)

A

At some point there must have been a designer,

Perfect order, apriori : ALSO AQUINAS

19
Q

Hume- argument of evil from design

A

Uses design argument to prove the existence of evil

20
Q

Hick

A

God can be all loving and all powerful: free will, humans were not created in a finished state, God wasnt trying to create Heaven on Earth. Cant have just pleasure.

21
Q

Mackie

A

Doesn’t agree God can be both.

22
Q

Freud

A

Religion is an illusion, It can exist but higher chance it doesn’t. Illusion because it has a “wish” element.

23
Q

Marx

A

Religion is the blindfold of society, if religion is abolished people can experience true happiness rather than fake.

24
Q

Nietzche

A

Says God is dead, have to be the overman, stop following in Herds.

25
Q

Pascal

A

Wager, God is or he isn’t. We don’t understand God because he is not like us. Choose to believe in God and you get eternal bliss.

26
Q

Criticism of ontological

A

Concepts dont mean reality

27
Q

Criticism of cosmological

A

There is no true link/chain

28
Q

Criticism Argument from Design

A

What if there is no order? No proof God is the designer.

29
Q

Central Questions of Metaphysics?

A

What is real? Self? Humanity?

  • where does reality originate from?
  • do we have control of ourselves?

Philosophy (4 decks)

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