Epistemology test Flashcards
What is a composite thing according to descartes?
Something composed of more than one thing, these subjects contain more doubt than simple subjects that contain some sort of certainty.
Cogito ergo sum - Descartes?
I think therefore I am. Descartes comes to the realization that the only thing he can be certain of is that he exists.
Why is Socrates not afraid to die?
He believes the soul is eternal.
What is Plato’s criticism of the body?
It is a source of endless trouble.
What is a form? (Beauty & Justice etc)
An eternal ideal version of general things.
What is epistemology
What we know and how we know it
Who was socrates?
The oldest teacher. Not a writer. Plato wrote down his ideas.
socrates was the interlocutor. What does that mean?
Guy asking the questions. Socratic method.
Who founded the first school the Academy?
Plato
Who is plato’s student
Aristotle. Differed from his ideas.
Apriori Knowledge?
Innate knowledge. Things you naturally know. (rationalism)
Aposteriori knowledge?
Knowledge you acquire through experience, empirisicm.
Rationalism:
Deductive, apriori, reason is prominent sense of knowledge
Empiricism:
Inductive, aposteriori, rejects that we have innate knowledge
Some empiricists?
John Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Aristotle
Rationalist Philosophers
You already know everything there is to know you just need to access it; Descartes, Plato
Why is Descartes not a skeptic?
He still believes in some sort of universal certainty, even though he doubts almost everything.
Some of John Locke’s theories?
Believed mind was a tabula rasa or blank slate, believed in primary and secondary qualities, first isnt subjective latter is, believes in senses and reflection
Some of Humes’ theories?
Impressions: feelings/emotions, senses we gather through life lets us understand things.
Berkeley’s theories:
Said both primary and secondary qualities were subjective, believed in God, external reality is outside the mind, “TO BE IS WHAT YOU PERCEIVE”
Immanuel Kant theories.
Bridges gap between rationalism and empiricism, says that you need innate knowledge to be able to experience things: aka transcendental deduction. (dualism.)
Karl Popper
Can’t be certain about anything, everything is doubted. But you can have some sort of idea.
What does Descartes Doubt?
The foundations on which he built his beliefs. He doubts the sincereness of the senses.
Humes ideas
Constructed through mind
