Metaphors Flashcards
Metaphor
2
understanding and expressing one kind of thing in terms of another
pattern of conceptual association
mapping
cross domain correspondances (source domain and target domain)
principle 1: hierarchies of specificity
a more specific pattern inherits a more general one
invariance principle
mapping doesnt violate the basic topological structure of the target domain
systematicity principle
2
the systematic projection from one domain to another involves not only the objects and proprieties but also the relations, events and scenarios that characterize that domain
systematicity will help us understand one aspect of a concept in terms of another but will hide other aspects of the concept
the asymmetrical directionality of conceptual metaphors
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primary metaphors
simple patterns that map fundamental perceptual concepts onto equally fundamental but not directly perceptual ones
-source: up/down, backwards/forward, heavy
-target: sad, difficult, happy, success
=> appear directly from experience
complex metaphors
elaborations of conceptualizations which are, at bottom, primary metaphors
structural metaphor
one concept is understood and expressed in terms of another concept
-argument is war, life is journey
orientational metaphors
organize a whole system of concepts in respect to one another
-happy is up, sad is down
ontological metaphors
understanding our experiences in terms of objects and substances allow us to pick out parts of our experience and treat them as discrete entities
-visual fields are containers, inflation is an entity
searle hypothesis
When we encounter a metaphorical statement, we first try to interpret the statement as a literal one, then seek alternate interpretations once we realize that the statement either does not make sense or clearly does not relate to the current topic of discourse.
