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IGCSE CHEMISTRY REVISION > Metals Details/Definitions > Flashcards

Metals Details/Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

General physical properties of metals

A

-Good conductors of heat/electricity
-Malleable
-Ductile
-High melting/boiling points
-Sonorous(makes bell-like sounds when struck)

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2
Q

Metal + Acid →

A

Salt + Hydrogen

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3
Q

Metal + Oxygen →

A

Metal Oxide

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4
Q

Metal + Cold Water →

A

Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

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5
Q

Metal + Steam →

A

Metal Oxide + Hydrogen

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6
Q

Factor that determines if a metal reacts in cold water or steam

A

The reactivity of the metal(more reactive metals can react fine in cold water, but other less reactive metals like copper only react in steam)

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7
Q

Uses of aluminium

A

-Manufacture of aircraft(due to strength and low density)
-Manufacture of overhead electrical cables(due to strength and good electrical conductivity)
-Used in food containers(due to good resistance to corrosion)

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8
Q

Uses of copper

A

-Electrical wiring(because of its good electrical conductivity and ductility)
-Utensils

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9
Q

Uses of zinc

A

-Galvanizing
-Production of brass

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10
Q

Uses of steel

A

-Car bodies and machinery
-Production of stainless steel

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11
Q

Alloy

A

a mixture of a metal and other elements

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12
Q

Brass is a mixture of…

A

copper and zinc

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13
Q

Stainless steel is a mixture of…

A

iron, chromium, nickel and carbon

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14
Q

Benefit of alloys

A

They can be harder, stronger and more useful than the pure metals

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15
Q

Uses of stainless steel

A

Cutlery(due to hardness and resistance to rusting)

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16
Q

How alloys can be harder and stronger than pure metals

A

The different sized atoms in alloys mean that the layers can no longer slide over each other

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17
Q

Reactivity series

A

-Potassium
-Sodium
-Calcium
-Magnesium
-Aluminium
-Carbon
-Zinc
-Iron
-Hydrogen
-Copper
-Silver
-Gold

18
Q

Why aluminium seems unreactive(even though it is)

A

Aluminum often reacts with oxygen in the air to form an ‘aluminium oxide coating’, which is unreactive and acts as a protective layer and prevents aluminium from reacting with other elements

19
Q

Result of reaction of potassium with cold water

A

Violent reaction with cold water

20
Q

Result of reaction of sodium with cold water

A

Violent reaction with cold water

21
Q

Result of reaction of calcium with cold water

A

Quick reaction with cold water

22
Q

Result of reaction of magnesium with steam

A

Moderate reaction with steam

23
Q

Result of reaction of magnesium with dilute hydrochloric acid

A

Vigorous reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid

24
Q

Result of reaction of zinc with dilute hydrochloric acid

A

Moderate reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid

25
Q

Result of reaction of iron with dilute hydrochloric acid

A

Moderate reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid

26
Q

Result of reaction of copper with dilute hydrochloric acid

A

No reaction

27
Q

Result of reaction of silver with dilute hydrochloric acid

A

No reaction

28
Q

Result of reaction of gold with dilute hydrochloric acid

A

No reaction

29
Q

Conditions required for the rusting of iron and steel to form hydrated iron(III) oxide

A

-Must be in contact with oxygen
-Must be in contact with water

30
Q

Common barrier methods(of metals)

A

-Painting
-Greasing
-Coating with plastic
-Galvanizing(eg. with zinc)

31
Q

Why barrier methods prevent rusting

A

They prevent the metals from coming into contact with oxygen or water

32
Q

Galvanising

A

the process of coating iron or steel in a protective layer of zinc

33
Q

Sacrificial protection

A

The protection of iron or steel against corrosion by using a more reactive metal to coat them

34
Q

(In terms of difficulty of extracting from ore)The higher a metal is in the reactivity series…

A

the harder it is to extract from its ore(as more reactive metals ‘like’ to stay in a compound more)

35
Q

Extraction of iron from hematite in the blast furnace

A

-The burning of carbon(coke) to provide heat and produce carbon dioxide
-The reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide
-The reduction of iron(III) oxide by carbon monoxide
-The thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate/limestone to produce calcium oxide
-The formation of slag

36
Q

Main ore of aluminium

A

Bauxite

37
Q

Aluminium is extracted by…

A

electrolysis

38
Q

Symbol equations for the extraction of iron from hematite

A

C + O₂ → CO₂
C + CO₂ → 2CO
Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂
CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
CaO + SiO₂ → CaSiO₃

39
Q

Role of cryolite

A

-Decreases the melting point of aluminium oxide(bauxite)
-Acts as a solvent for aluminium oxide(bauxite)

40
Q

Why the carbon anodes(in electrolysis) must be regularly replaced

A

The carbon anodes burn away in oxygen(and hence need to be regularly replaced)

41
Q

Bronze is a mixture of…

A

copper and tin

IGCSE CHEMISTRY REVISION (8 decks)

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