Metals, acids and salts Flashcards
Metal reaction with acid
Acid + metal —> salt + hydrogen
Some metals reactions with water
Metal + water —> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Metals that react vigorously with water
Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium
Metals that react with steam
Magnesium, zinc, iron
Metals that don’t react with water or steam
Copper
Oxidation
Gain of oxygen
Reduction
Loss of oxygen
Oxidation reaction
The substance that OXIDISES the metal and is REDUCED is the OXIDISING agent
Reduction reaction
The substance that REDUCES the metal and is OXIDISED is called the REDUCING agent.
Strongest acid / weak acid pH
0-3/3-6
Neutral pH water
7
Weakly alkali / strongly alkali
8-10 / 11-14
Universal indicator colours
Spectrum
Red in acid
Green in neutral
Purple in alkali
Litmus paper
Red in acid
Purple in neutral
Blue in alkali
Phenolphthalein
Colourless in acid
Bright pink in alkali
Methyl orange
Red in acid
Yellow in alkaline
Acid reaction with base or alkali
Acids are neutralised by bases or alkalis
H+ + OH- —-> H20
By proton transfer
As acids are proton diners
And bases are proton acceptors
Reaction of acid and base
Acid + base —-> salt + water
Metal oxide and acid reaction
Acid + metal oxide —> salt + water
Metal hydroxide and acid reaction
Acid + metal hydroxide —> salt + water
Acid and ammonia reaction
Acid + ammonia —> ammonium salt
Acid and metal carbonate reaction
Acid + metal carbonate —> salt + water + carbon dioxide
Soluble salts
Common salts of Sodium, potassium, ammonium
Sodium, potassium and ammonium carbonates
Sodium potassium and ammonium hydroxides
(Most chlorides, sulfates)
Insoluble salts
Common carbonates
Common hydroxides
Silver chloride, lead chloride,
Lead, barium and calcium sulfate
Phosphoric acid
H3PO4
Hydrochloric acid
HCL
Sulfuric acid
H2SO4
Nitric acid
HNO3
