Metals Flashcards
Physical properties of metals
Metals Conduct Electric Current, Metals Conduct Heat, Metals Are Malleable (Kalūs), Metals Usually Have High Melting Points, Metals Are Ductile (Plastiški), Metals Can Form Alloys.
Na in the human organism
control blood pressure and blood volume
Na deficiency
muscle spasm, Hyponatremia
K in the human organism
helps your nerves, muscles heart to function well, and also helps move nutrients and waste around your body’s cells
K deficiency
more likely to bleed. You may bruise more easily than usual, or stopping bleeding after an injury or surgery may be more difficult.
Ca in the human body
building and maintaining healthy bones and teeth
Ca deficiency
can lead to dental changes, cataracts, alterations in the brain, and osteoporosis, which causes the bones to become brittle
Mg in the human organism
regulating muscle and nerve function, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure and making protein, bone, and DNA
Mg deficiency
ow appetite, nausea or vomiting, muscle spasms or tremors, and abnormal heart rhythms.
Fe in the human organism
essential in making hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells
Fe deficiency
pale skin and cold hands and feet
Cu in the human organism
making energy, connective tissues, and blood vessels
Cu deficiency
fatigue and weakness and sometimes an increased risk of infections
Zn in the human organism
needed for the body’s defensive (immune) system to work properly
Zn deficiency
skin changes that look like eczema at first, but do not improve with moisturisers, steroid creams or lotions.
How to obtain metals
Reduction with C, CO, Al, H2
Electrolysis (molten salt, CuCl2 solution).
Electrolysis.
electrolysis is a technique that uses direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction
Application of electrolysis
Extraction of metals
Refining (Cu, Zn)
Manufacturing Cl2
Electroplating
Metal purification
To obtain metals
Only with electrolysis of molten salt
Na, K, Li, Mg, Al.
Reduction with carbon
Fe2O3 + 3C = 2Fe + 3CO
Fe+3 + 3e- =Fe0 |x2 reduction
C0-2e- =C+2 |x3 oxidation
Fe+3 oxidizing agent, C- reducing agent
reduction with carbon (II) oxide
ZnO + CO = Zn + CO2
Zn+2 + 2e- = Zn0 |x2|x1 reduction
C+2 – 2e- = C+4 |x2|x1 oxidation.
Zn+2 – oxidizing agent, C+2 - reducing agent
reduction with aluminum
3NiO + 2Al = 3Ni + Al2O3
Ni+2 + 2e- = Ni0 |x3 reduction
Al0 - 3e- =Al0 |x2 oxidation,
Ni+2 – oxidizing agent, Al0 – reducing agents
reduction with hydrogen
Cr2O3 + 3H2 = 2Cr + 3H2O
Cr+3 + 3e- =Cr0 |x2 reduction
H2-2e- =2H+1 |x3 oxidation,
Cr+3 – oxidizing agent, H2 – reducing agent
Reactions with non-metals
2Na(s) + Cl2(g) = 2NaCl(s)
