Group 5 Flashcards
Nitrogen abundance
Nitrogen is present in all living things, including the human body and plants.
Nitrogen uses
Nitrogen gas is used to help with food preservation
Pharmaceuticals Industry.
Electronics Manufacturing.
Nitrogen structural formula
N2
Why is nitrogen an inert gas?
The triple bond present in nitrogen is very strong
How much nitrogen is in the atmosphere?
About 78 percent of the atmosphere
Uses of ammonia
Making fertilizers
Manufacturing nitric acid
As a cooling agent
Making explosives
Cleaning products
Physical properties of ammonia
- Colourless gas.
- It is less dense than air.
- Alkaline gas.
- Pungent smell.
- It is very soluble in water.
Chemical properties of ammonia
boiling point -33.35°C
Ammonia is a flammable gas
The oxidation of ammonia in solution leads to hydrazine, a corrosive and volatile ingredient in fuels.
Ammonia is a compound, not an element.
Basic properties of ammonia
The polarity of NH3 molecules and their ability to form hydrogen bonds explains to some extent the high solubility of ammonia in water.
Explain with the reaction equation that ammonia is a weak base.
Ammonia is a weak base that reacts with water according to the equation NH3(aq)+H2O(l)⇌NH+4+OH−(aq)
Obtaining ammonia in the laboratory
Ca(OH)2(s)+2NH4Cl(s) CaCl2(s)+2NH3(g)+2H2O(l)
Nitric acid properties
Colorless to yellowish liquid due to decomposition, Pungent, acrid smell, highly soluble in water.
Obtaining nitric acid in industry
Nitric acid is often produced by high-temperature catalytic oxidation of ammonia
Nitric acid uses
It is used to produce ammonium nitrates to manufacture plastic, dye, and fertilizers.
It is used in making explosives such as TNT.
Chemical and Physical Properties of nitric acid
Nitric acid is a strong oxidant that decomposes on warming to produce nitrogen oxides. It reacts violently with combustibles, reducing materials and organic solvents to cause fires and explosion hazards. It is a strong acid, reacts violently with bases, and is corrosive to metals.
Simple fertilizer
Ca(NO3)2, KCl, NaH2PO4
Composite fertilizer
KNO3, KH2PO4
Complex fertilizer
NH4NO3+KCl+K2HPO4
Red phosphorus
less toxic and does not spontaneously ignite
White phosphorus
very poisonous, self-ignites in air, glows cold
