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IGCSE Chemistry > Metals > Flashcards

Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Physical properties of metals

A

Shiny
Good conductors of heat/electricity
High density
Malleable and ductile
Usually solid at room temperature
Sonorous (makes bell-like sounds when struck)

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2
Q

Metal + Acid =

A

Salt + hydrogen

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3
Q

Metal + Oxygen =

A

Metal Oxide

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4
Q

Metal + Cold water =

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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5
Q

Metal + Steam =

A

Metal oxide + hydrogen

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6
Q

Alloy

A

An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals, or a mixture of one or more metals with non-metals. They are harder than pure metals

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7
Q

Examples of Alloys

A

Brass: mixture of zinc and copper
Mild steel: Iron and up to 0.3% carbon
Stainless steel: Iron, nickel, chromium

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8
Q

Reactivity Series

A

potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, hydrogen, and copper

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9
Q

Reactivity in cold water

A

Reactive metals such as sodium and potassium will react fine in cold water to produce hydroxide salts. Less reactive metals like copper will not react in cold water. They will only react in steam and produce oxide salts instead of hydroxide salts.

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10
Q

Displacement reactions

A

Displacement reactions involve one ion replacing another based on reactivity

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11
Q

Decomposition reactions

A

A decomposition reaction occurs when one reactant breaks down into two or more products

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12
Q

What elements do not decompose when heated

A

Sodium and potassium hydroxides are exceptions and do not decompose when heated.

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13
Q

Metal nitrates

A

Sodium and potassium nitrates decompose to nitrite + oxygen. Other metal nitrates however, decompose to the metal oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen.

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14
Q

Metal hydroxide =

A

Metal oxide + water

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15
Q

Metal carbonates

A

Metal carbonate + water

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16
Q

How are reactive metals extracted

A

Reactive metals such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and aluminium are extracted from their ores through electrolysis of a molten compound.

17
Q

Zinc extraction

A

The ore is zinc blende (ZnS)
This is roasted in the air to form the oxide
The oxide is heated with carbon in a furnace, where it is reduced to zinc
Zinc distills out of the furnace

18
Q

Uses of metals

A

Aluminium: Aircraft manufacture due to strength and low density
Food contains due to corrosion resistance
Zinc: Galvanizing and brass making
Copper: Electrical wiring and utensils
Steel: Car bodies and machinery
Stainless steel

IGCSE Chemistry (15 decks)

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