Electricity and Chemistry Flashcards
Electrolysis
Electrolysis is the breakdown of electrolytes or an ionic compound in either a molten or aqueous state §by the passage of electricity.
Cathode
Negative electrode (attracts cations)
Anode
Positive electrode (attracts anions)
Cations
Positive (metal or hydrogen) ions
Anions
Negative (non-metal) ions
Inert anode
Carbon or platinum
Reactive anode
Zinc or copper
Molten
A molten substance means that the substance has been melted down
Aqueous
An aqueous solution means that the substance is dissolved in water.
Electrochemical series (cation)
Potassium ( k+)
Sodium( Na+)
Lithium ( Li+)
Calcium ( Ca+)
Magnesium ( Mg 2+)
Aluminium ( Al 3-)
Zinc ( Zn 2+)
Iron ( Fe 2+)
Tin ( Sn 2+ )
Lead (Pb 2+)
Hydrogen( H+)
Copper (Cu 2+)
Mercury ( Hg+ )
Silver ( Ag+)
Gold ( Au+ )
Electrochemical series (anion)
Fluorine (F-)
Sulphate (SO4 2-)
Nitrate (NO3 -)
Chlorine (Cl-)
Bromine (Br-)
Iodine (I-)
Hydroxide (OH-)
Electroplating
The process of coating metals with other metals or plastics
Main ore of aluminium
Bauxite
The electrodes in aluminium extraction is made of
Graphite
Bauxite is changed to
Pure aluminium oxide (alumina)
Purpose of cryolite
The point in cryolite is to lower the temperature from approximately 2000 to 900 degrees.
Concentrated sodium chloride can be used in electrolysis to make
Hydrogen gas, chlorine gas, and sodium hydroxide
Uses of chlorine
Chlorine can be then used in making solvents, treating drinking water, bleach,
Uses of hydrogen
Hydrogen is used in the haber process, making fuels in cells, making margarine
Uses of sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide is used in soap manufacture
