Metals Flashcards
blended mixture of materials of which at least one is a metal e.g. steel alloy, copper alloy (e.g. brass)
alloy
Al
(Brit) or aluminum (US) ligth weight metal made out of bauxite.
It is very good electrical conductor and has excellent alloying properties. The protective layer resulting of oxidation is very resistant to heat.
aluminium
1) Iron-carbon alloy with a carbon content greater than 2%.
2) Different types of cast iron:
- grey cast iron which has less tensile strength and shock resistance than steel, but its compressive strength is comparable to low- and medium-carbon steel.
-white cast iron
-malleable cast iron
-ducile cast iron
3)’With its relatively low melting point, good fluidity, castability, excellent machinability, resistance to defor- mation and wear resistance, cast irons have become an engineering material with a wide range of ap- plications and are used in pipes, machines and automotive industry parts, such as cylinder heads (declining usage), cylinder blocks and gearbox cases (declining usage). It is resistant to destruction and weakening by oxidation (rust).’
Source: Wikipedia 2016
cast iron
Cr
transition-metal, which is often used to plate steel because it adds anti-corrosive properties
chromium
Cu
heavy metal which is soft, reddish when not oxidated. It has excellent electrical conductivity and alloying properties (e.g.bronze, brass, constantan, German silver etc…)
Copper oxidates fairly quickly but its oxidation process stops as soon as the oxidation layer (called ‘patina’ or ‘vert-di-gris’) is sufficient to protect the metal against further chemical attack.
copper
metals which contain iron (Fe) e.g. steel and steel alloys. Ferrous metals oxidate and their oxidation is called ‘rust’
ferrous metals
metal which are very dense
e.g. Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Copper (Cu)
heavy metals
The amount of carbon in steel can vary. The steel with the highest amount carbon possible (0.7% - 1.5%) is called high carbon steel.
high carbon steel
iron ore is the naturally occurring mineral from which iron is extracted from
iron ore
(Pb)
Heavy metal which doesn’t oxidate
lead
metals with a very low density
e.g. Aluminium, Magnesium, Maganese, Lithium, Titanium
lightweight metals
Hg
Heavy metal which is one of the very few metals liquid at ambient temperature
mercury
metal foam is a material with a cellular structure consisting of a solid metal with gas-filled pores.
metal foam
materials which are not considered as metals but show some of the properties of metals e.g. Germanium (Ge), Silicon (Si)
metalloides
In chemistry, a nonmetal (or non-metal) is a chemical element that mostly lacks metallic attributes. Physically, nonmetals tend to be highly volatile (easily vaporised), have low elasticity, and are good insulators of heat and electricity.
e.g. Hydrogen (H), Carbon (C), Oxygen(O), Sulphur/sulfur (S) and noble gases (Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Kr (Krypton), Xenon (Xe)
Source: Wikipedia 2015
Non-metals
also known as crude iron, is an intermediate product of the iron industry in the production of steel which is obtained by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace.
(source: wikipedia ‘pig iron’ https://bit.ly/3AE5rKt)
pig iron
metals which are considered to be rare and possess valuable properties (chemical stability, excellent electrical conductivity etc…)
ex.: Gold (Au), Silver (Ag), Platinum (Pt), Paladium (Pd)
precious metals
ferrous metal with excellent alloying properties
steel
a common process of heat-treating to increase the toughness of steel and iron-based alloys
tempering
(Sn) heavy metal useful as alloying element (e.g. brass)
tin
W (also called wolfram)
A hard, rare metal under standard conditions when uncombined, tungsten is found naturally on Earth only in chemical compounds. It was identified as a new element in 1781, and first isolated as a metal in 1783. Tungsten’s many alloys have numerous applications, most notably in incandescent light bulb filaments, X- ray tubes (as both the filament and target), electrodes in TIG welding, superalloys, and radiation shielding. About half is used in the form of tungsten carbide, a durable carbon alloy. Tungsten’s hardness and high density give it military applications in penetrating projectiles. Tungsten compounds are also often used as industrial catalysts.
Source: Wikipedia-2015
tungsten
