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Chemistry > Metals > Flashcards

Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Are metals essential to the proper functioning of living organisms?

A

Yes

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2
Q

What are major elements?

A

Metals or elements are needed in large amounts

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3
Q

What are some examples of major elements?

A

Magnesium, iron, calcium, sodium and potassium

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4
Q

What are trace or minor elements?

A

Elements that are required in minute quantities

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5
Q

What are some examples of trace elements?

A

Copper, manganese, molybdenum and cobalt

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6
Q

What do trace elements do?

A

They act as coenzymes and cofactors

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7
Q

Are trace elements necessary for life?

A

Yes, without them, certain enzymes cannot work

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8
Q

What does the term “importance” mean in Chemistry?

A

The beneficial effects as well as the harmful effects

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9
Q

What is the benefit of magnesium in living systems?

A

It is part of chlorophyll, the green pigment that carries out photosynthesis; part of bone and teeth structure

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10
Q

What is the benefit of iron in living systems?

A

It is part of haemoglobin, the oxygen carrier in red blood cells

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11
Q

What is the benefit of calcium in living systems?

A

It is necessary for formation of bones and teeth in animals as well as the cell walls in plants

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12
Q

What is the benefit of potassium and sodium in living systems?

A

They assist in the transmission of nerve impulses

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13
Q

What is the benefit of copper and manganese in living systems?

A

They assist enzymes in respiration

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14
Q

What is the benefit of molybdenum in living systems?

A

It has the growth factor necessary for bone development

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15
Q

What is the benefit of cobalt in living systems?

A

It helps with the necessary for formation of red blood cells

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16
Q

Will it have no effect if you over use a useful metal?

A

No, overuse or misuse of useful metals can result in harmful effects

17
Q

Is there any metals that are toxic to living organisms?

A

Yes, mercury, lead, aluminum, and cadmium are some.

18
Q

What are the sources of mercury?

A

Fossil fuel burning, dental fillings, large fish, canned tuna, manufacture of chlorine and cement, water paints, pesticides, fungicides, fabric softeners, adhesives and fertilizers.

19
Q

What are the symptoms of toxicity of mercury?

A

Nervousness, irritability, personality changes, muscle tremors, inflammation of the mouth and gums, excessive flow of saliva, loosening of teeth, kidney damage.

20
Q

Mental changes, speech disturbances, tremors, abnormal heart rhythms, bone disorders, anaemia, and the killing liver cells are the symptoms of toxicity of what?

A

Aluminum

21
Q

Are heavy metals usually toxic or non-toxic?

A

They are usually more toxic then other metals.

22
Q

Can a small amount of a metal be as toxic as a lot of that metal?

A

No, usually only a large quantity is toxic to living organisms

23
Q

What kind of metals are usually heavy metals?

A

Transition metals.

24
Q

Coal burning, zinc manufacture, electroplating, fertilizers, and cigarettes are sources of….

A

Cadmium

25
Q

How are transition metals released into the environment?

A

By coal burning, zinc manufacture, electroplating, fertilisers, and cigarettes.

26
Q

How do transition metals become toxic to larger organism?

A

By accumulating in the environment and in the food chains until the levels become toxic

27
Q

What are the sources of lead?

A

Lead pipes in older houses, lead headed nails, cigarettes, solder, vehicle exhaust from leaded fuel, paints and crayons.

28
Q

Mental confusion, visual disturbances, loss of cognitive abilities, paralysis, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, severe abdominal pains and anaemia are the symptoms of toxicity of….

A

lead

29
Q

Deodorants, cooking utensils, baking powder, anti-caking agent in salt, soft drink cans, construction materials are the sources of what?

A

Aluminum

30
Q

What are the symptoms of toxicity of cadmium?

A

Extreme restlessness, irritability, headache, chest pain, increased salivation, vomiting, diarrhoea, throat dryness and coughing.

Chemistry (7 decks)

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