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Metallurgy Flashcards

1
Q

Abundance of Al

A

8.3% and third most in overall and 1st in metals

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2
Q

Ruby composition

A

Al2O3 with Cr as impurity

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3
Q

Sapphires composition

A

Al2O3 with Co has impurity

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4
Q

2nd most abundant metal

A

Iron

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5
Q

Al ore

A

Bauxite
Kaolinite

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6
Q

Fe ore

A

Haematite
Magnetite
Siderite
Iron pyrite

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7
Q

Cu ore

A

Copper pyrites
Malachite
Cuprite
Copper glance

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8
Q

Zn ore

A

Zinc blende or sphalerite
Calamine
Zincite

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9
Q

Undesirable material

A

Gangue

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10
Q

Benefaction

A

Concentration

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11
Q

Difference in specific gravity

A

Hydraulic washing

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12
Q

Sulphide ores

A

Froth floatation method

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13
Q

Collectors

A

Pine oil, fatty acid, xanthates
Enhances wetting of the minerals

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14
Q

Stabilizers

A

Cresols, aniline
Stabilizes the froth

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15
Q

Mineral gets wetted by and gangue by

A

Oils and water

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16
Q

Two sulphide ores can be separated by

A

Adding depressants like NaCN in case of ZnS and PbS

ZnS doesn’t come to the froth but PbS does

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17
Q

Bauxite impurities

A

SiO2 and iron oxides and titanium oxide

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18
Q

Leaching if aluminum

A

Addition of con NaOH at 473 to 523 k at 35-36 bar called digestion

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19
Q

Sodium aluminate is neutralized by adding

A

CO2

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20
Q

Addition hydrated Al2O3 to the solution

A

Seeding for precipitation

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21
Q

Leaching

A

Al, Ag and Au

22
Q

Au and ag is leached with

A

Dilute NaCN and KCN

23
Q

Calcination

A

Vaccum for carbonates and hydrides

24
Q

Roasting

A

In the presence of air and for sulphide ores

25
Q

Sulphide ores of cu are heated in

A

Reverberatory furnace

26
Q

FeO + SiO2

A

FeSi03 ( slag)

27
Q

Extraction of iron from its ore

What is mixed with the ore

A

Limestone and coke

28
Q

Extraction of iron from its ore
Which provides the necessary heat for the reaction

A

Burning coke

29
Q

Extraction of iron from its ore
At 500 to 800 K what conversions occur

A

Fe2O3 to Fe3O4
Fe3O4 to Fe and CO2
Fe2O3 to FeO and co2

All reactions in the presence of CO

30
Q

Limestone decomposes to CaO and reacts with?

A

Silicon impurities to from slag CaSiO3 (900-1500K)

31
Q

Above what temp is the reaction spontaneous

32
Q

4% C contains iron

33
Q

Cast iron

34
Q

Wrought iron or cast iron

A

Prepared form cast iron in reverberatory furnace having haematite lining

35
Q

Cu from cuprous oxide extraction

A

Cu2S +3O2 - Cu2O
Cu2O + C - cu + co
FeO + SiO2 - Fesio3

Cu2S + Cu2O - Cu + So 2 ( cu obtained is called blister copper due to release of so2

36
Q

Copper matte

A

Cu2S and FeS

37
Q

Zinc from zinc oxide

A

Zinc oxide with coke to give zinc and co
Rapid chilling

38
Q

Hall Herodotus process

A

Al oxide is mixed with Na3 AlF6 or CaF2
Which lowers the melting point of the mixture
Carbon carbide and graphite abide

39
Q

Cu from low grade ores

A

By hydro metallurgy
Leached using acid or bacteria

40
Q

In gold and silver leaching with cn what is used as reducing agent

41
Q

Distillation

A

Low boiling metals
Zinc me mercury

42
Q

Liquation

A

Low melting
Tin

43
Q

Electrolytic refining

A

Impure metal as anode and pure metal as cathode

Copper - electrolyte is cuso4
zinc

44
Q

Zone refining

A

High purity - gallium, germanium, silicon, boron,indium

45
Q

Vapor phase refining
Monds recess
Van arkel method

A

Volatile metal
Easily decomposable
Nickel
Zirconium and titanium

46
Q

Chromatographic method

A

Paper chromatography and column chromatography

Column is used for minute particles and not very different chemical properties

47
Q

Bronze composition is

A

Copper and tin

48
Q

Brass composition

A

Copper and zinc

49
Q

Coinage alloys

A

Copper and nickel

50
Q

German silver

A

Cu - 25-30%
Zn - 25-30%
Ni - 40-50%

Chem (11 decks)

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