Biomolecules

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

Optically active polyleydroxy aldehydes or ketones

Question 2

Monosaccharides example

Answer 2

Glucose, fructose, ribose

Question 3

0ligosaccharides example

Answer 3

Sucrose, maltose

Question 4

Polysaccharides example

Answer 4

Starch, cellulose, glycogen, gums
Non-sugars

Question 5

Conditions for reducing sugars

Answer 5

Must reduce fehling’s solution and tollen’s solution
Eg: maltose, lactose
Non-reducing sugars: sucrose

Question 6

Glucose from sucrose

Answer 6

Sucrose + water to give glucose + fructose with diLHCl or H2so4 in alcoholic solution

Question 7

Glucose from starch

Answer 7

Hydrolysis of starch by boiling with dilute H2SO4

Question 8

Glucose is Aldo or keto

Answer 8

Aldohexose and dextrose

Question 9

Glucose + HI

Answer 9

N-hexane

Question 10

Glucose +NH2OH

Answer 10

Oxime

Question 11

Glucose +HCN

Answer 11

Cyanohydrin, presence of carbonyl group

Question 12

Glucose + Br water

Answer 12

Gluconic acid
, presence of carbonyl group

Question 13

Glucose + acetic anhydride

Answer 13

Glucose pentadcelate, 5 oh group

Question 14

Glucose + nitric aced

Answer 14

Saccharic acid, presence of primary OH group

Question 15

Alpha form of glucose is obtained by

Answer 15

Crystallization of concentrated glucose at 303K

Question 16

Beta form of glucose

Answer 16

At 371 K

Question 17

Anomers

Answer 17

Differ only by hydroxyl group in C1

Question 18

Monosaccharides are joined by which bind to form disaccharides

Answer 18

Glycosidic bond

Question 19

Sucrose composition

Answer 19

+ glucose and - fructose

Question 20

Glycosidic linkage is present in which carbon atoms of sucrose

Answer 20

C1 of alpha glucose and C2 of beta fructose

Question 21

Maltose composition

Answer 21

2 alpha glucose
C1 of one to C4 of another

Question 22

Lactose composition

Answer 22

Beta D galactose and beta D glucose
C1 of galactose and C4 of glucose

Question 23

Components of starch

Answer 23

Amylose and amylopectin

Question 24

Amylose

Answer 24

Water soluble
15-20% of starch
Long unbranched
200-1000 alpha D glucose
C1-C4 glycosidic bonda

Question 25

Amylopectin

Answer 25

Insoluble in water 85% starch C1-C4 glycosidic linkage beached chain polymer of alpha D glucose C1-C6 : branching

Question 26

Cellulose

Answer 26

Polysaccharide of beta D glucose Glycosidic linkage between C1 and C4 carbon

Question 27

Glycogen

Answer 27

Similar to amylopectin Highly branched

Question 28

Proteins

Answer 28

Polymers of alpha amino acids

Question 29

Essential amino acids

Answer 29

Alanine Glycine Glutamic acid Asparatic acid Tyrosine Serine cysteine Glutamine Asparagine Proline

Question 30

Amino acid which is optically inactive

Answer 30

Glycine

Question 31

Most naturally occurring amino acids have which configuration

Answer 31

L configuration

Question 32

Peptide bond is formed between

Answer 32

Cooh and nh2

Question 33

Insulin contains how many amino acids

Answer 33

51 amino acids

Question 34

Fibrous proteins

Answer 34

Polypeptide chains runs parallel Insoluble in water Eg : keratin, myosin

Question 35

Globular protein

Answer 35

Coiled structure Soluble in water Insulin and albumins

Question 36

Proteins found in biological system with A unique 3 D structure and biological activity

Answer 36

Native protein

Question 37

Denaturation of protein

Answer 37

Coagulation of egg white and formation of lactic acid

Question 38

Almost all the enzymes are

Answer 38

Globular proteins

Question 39

Fat soluble vitamin

Answer 39

A,D,E,K

Question 40

Water soluble vitamin

Answer 40

B,C Can’t be stored except for vitamin B12

Question 41

Vitamin A

Answer 41

Xeropthalmia Night blindness

Question 42

Vitamin B1

Answer 42

Thiamine Beri-beri

Question 43

Vitamin B2

Answer 43

Riboflavin Cheilosis

Question 44

Vitamin B6

Answer 44

Convulsions

Question 45

Vitamin B12

Answer 45

Pernicious anemia

Question 46

Vitamin C

Answer 46

Ascorbic acid Scurvy

Question 47

Vitamin D

Answer 47

Rickets and osteomalacia

Question 48

Vitamin E

Answer 48

Increased fragility of RBC and muscular dystrophy

Question 49

Vitamin K

Answer 49

Increased blood clotting time

Question 50

Adenine

Answer 50

1 nh2 group , 1nh and zero O Double ring

Question 51

Guanine

Answer 51

1 nh2 , 2nh and 1 =O Double rong

Question 52

Cytosine

Answer 52

One =O and 1 nh2 group Single ring

Question 53

Thymine

Answer 53

O nh2 and 1 ch3 group with 2=O Single rong

Question 54

Uracil

Answer 54

0 nh2 group and 2 =O