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Chem > Biomolecules > Flashcards

Biomolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Optically active polyleydroxy aldehydes or ketones

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2
Q

Monosaccharides example

A

Glucose, fructose, ribose

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3
Q

0ligosaccharides example

A

Sucrose, maltose

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4
Q

Polysaccharides example

A

Starch, cellulose, glycogen, gums
Non-sugars

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5
Q

Conditions for reducing sugars

A

Must reduce fehling’s solution and tollen’s solution
Eg: maltose, lactose
Non-reducing sugars: sucrose

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6
Q

Glucose from sucrose

A

Sucrose + water to give glucose + fructose with diLHCl or H2so4 in alcoholic solution

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7
Q

Glucose from starch

A

Hydrolysis of starch by boiling with dilute H2SO4

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8
Q

Glucose is Aldo or keto

A

Aldohexose and dextrose

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9
Q

Glucose + HI

A

N-hexane

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10
Q

Glucose +NH2OH

A

Oxime

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11
Q

Glucose +HCN

A

Cyanohydrin, presence of carbonyl group

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12
Q

Glucose + Br water

A

Gluconic acid
, presence of carbonyl group

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13
Q

Glucose + acetic anhydride

A

Glucose pentadcelate, 5 oh group

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14
Q

Glucose + nitric aced

A

Saccharic acid, presence of primary OH group

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15
Q

Alpha form of glucose is obtained by

A

Crystallization of concentrated glucose at 303K

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16
Q

Beta form of glucose

A

At 371 K

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17
Q

Anomers

A

Differ only by hydroxyl group in C1

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18
Q

Monosaccharides are joined by which bind to form disaccharides

A

Glycosidic bond

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19
Q

Sucrose composition

A

+ glucose and - fructose

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20
Q

Glycosidic linkage is present in which carbon atoms of sucrose

A

C1 of alpha glucose and C2 of beta fructose

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21
Q

Maltose composition

A

2 alpha glucose
C1 of one to C4 of another

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22
Q

Lactose composition

A

Beta D galactose and beta D glucose
C1 of galactose and C4 of glucose

23
Q

Components of starch

A

Amylose and amylopectin

24
Q

Amylose

A

Water soluble
15-20% of starch
Long unbranched
200-1000 alpha D glucose
C1-C4 glycosidic bonda

25
Q

Amylopectin

A

Insoluble in water
85% starch
C1-C4 glycosidic linkage beached chain polymer of alpha D glucose
C1-C6 : branching

26
Q

Cellulose

A

Polysaccharide of beta D glucose
Glycosidic linkage between C1 and C4 carbon

27
Q

Glycogen

A

Similar to amylopectin
Highly branched

28
Q

Proteins

A

Polymers of alpha amino acids

29
Q

Essential amino acids

A

Alanine
Glycine
Glutamic acid
Asparatic acid
Tyrosine
Serine cysteine
Glutamine
Asparagine
Proline

30
Q

Amino acid which is optically inactive

A

Glycine

31
Q

Most naturally occurring amino acids have which configuration

A

L configuration

32
Q

Peptide bond is formed between

A

Cooh and nh2

33
Q

Insulin contains how many amino acids

A

51 amino acids

34
Q

Fibrous proteins

A

Polypeptide chains runs parallel
Insoluble in water
Eg : keratin, myosin

35
Q

Globular protein

A

Coiled structure
Soluble in water
Insulin and albumins

36
Q

Proteins found in biological system with A unique 3 D structure and biological activity

A

Native protein

37
Q

Denaturation of protein

A

Coagulation of egg white and formation of lactic acid

38
Q

Almost all the enzymes are

A

Globular proteins

39
Q

Fat soluble vitamin

A

A,D,E,K

40
Q

Water soluble vitamin

A

B,C
Can’t be stored except for vitamin B12

41
Q

Vitamin A

A

Xeropthalmia
Night blindness

42
Q

Vitamin B1

A

Thiamine
Beri-beri

43
Q

Vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin
Cheilosis

44
Q

Vitamin B6

A

Convulsions

45
Q

Vitamin B12

A

Pernicious anemia

46
Q

Vitamin C

A

Ascorbic acid
Scurvy

47
Q

Vitamin D

A

Rickets and osteomalacia

48
Q

Vitamin E

A

Increased fragility of RBC and muscular dystrophy

49
Q

Vitamin K

A

Increased blood clotting time

50
Q

Adenine

A

1 nh2 group , 1nh and zero O
Double ring

51
Q

Guanine

A

1 nh2 , 2nh and 1 =O
Double rong

52
Q

Cytosine

A

One =O and 1 nh2 group
Single ring

53
Q

Thymine

A

O nh2 and 1 ch3 group with 2=O
Single rong

54
Q

Uracil

A

0 nh2 group and 2 =O

Chem (11 decks)

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