Metalbolism And Diet Flashcards
What is metabolism?
Sum of chemical reactions that take place within each cell of a living organism.
Anabolic process=
Synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones (require energy)
Catabolic process=
Breakdown larger molecules into smaller molecules.
Catabolic provides the energy for anabolic.
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Definitions?
Conversion of non carbohydrates into glucose.
Production of glycogen
Breakdown of glycogen — glucose
Storage of fuels:
Fat = adipose tissue = 15kg = 12 weeks (9kcal/g)
CHO = 200g in liver as glycogen, 150g in muscle (4Kcal/g)
Protein = 6Kg in muscle (4Kcal/g)
Basal metabolic rate (BMR), what is it?
Energy needed to say alive at rest. As age increase BMR decreases Dieting decreases your BMR Thyroid hormones regulate metabolic rate — over active = hyper under = hypothyroidism. Decrease muscle mass will decrease BMR
Certain conditions should be met to measure BMR, if not called RMR
To estimate BMR you should use:
The Henry equation
What happens during starvation?
Overnight — glycogenolysis (the liver will only have 80g of glycogen left)
2-4 days — gluconeogenesis of lactate, a.a, glycerol (lipolysis and proteolysis)
Over 4 days — ketones are used from fatty acids, brain starts to adapt to using ketones.
Malnutrition definition?
A state of nutrition with a deficiency excess or imbalance of energy or nutrients causing measurable adverse effects.
E.g shape, size, composition
Certain vitamins to know:
C - collagen synthesis = fruit and veg
B12 - DNA/Prtoein synthesis = dairy, eggs and meat
B1/thaimine - energy production
D - increases absorption of Ca, P and keeps immune system healthy
What is the prudent diet?
5 servings of fruit and veg Lots of starchy food < 5% from free sugar 0.8/Kg/day of protein <30g men and <20g women saturated fat <2.4g of Na = <6g of salt <14 units of alcohol a week and over 3+ days 6-8 glasses of water a day
