Metal Ions, misc from Metabolism

Question 1

What is Ca-EDTA with dimercoprol used for?

Answer 1

to treat lead poisoning by chelating Pb

Question 2

What does enoyl coA hydrotase do?

Answer 2

Trans Fatty enoyl CoA –> Beta hydroxyacyl CoA

in beta oxidation of fatty acids

Question 3

What are the three ketone bodies?

Answer 3

acetoacetate, beta ketoacetate, and acetone

Question 4

What does beta-ketothiolase do?

Answer 4

Beta-ketoacyl CoA –> Fatty Acyl CoA (minus 2 carbons)

in beta oxidation of fatty acids

Question 5

What does Proponyl CoA Carboxylase do?

Answer 5

Prop coa –> methylmal coA
(adds 1 carbon to make 4 c molecule)
in FA degradation of odd # chains

Question 6

What metals are needed for Superoxide dismutase (antioxidant) to function?

Answer 6

Cu and Zn

Question 7

What metal is needed for ATPases to function?

hydrolyze ATP to ADP

Answer 7

Mg

Question 8

What is the rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis?

Answer 8

PFK-1

F6P –> F1,6-P

Question 9

What is the order of odd chain FA degradation?

Answer 9

Metabolized until 3C left = Proponyl CoA –>Methylmalonyl CoA –>Succinyl CoA –> TCA cycle

Question 10

what is the order of basic reactions in Beta oxidation of fatty acids?

Answer 10

OHOT

Oxidate, hydrate, oxidate, thiolate

Question 11

What are the order of products in beta oxidation?

Answer 11

FA CoA –> Trans Fatty enoyl coA –> Beta hydroxyacyl CoA –> Beta-Ketoacyl CoA –> Fatty Acyl coA (minus 2 carbons)

Question 12

Is ATP citrate lyase active when it is phosphorylated or dephos?

Answer 12

phosphorylated = on!

Question 13

What is troponin used to detect?

Answer 13

Myocardial infarction

Question 14

Where does Beta oxidation occur?

Answer 14

In the mitochondria

Question 15

What is the rate limiting enzyme in glycogenesis?

Answer 15

glycogen synthase

UDP glucose –> 1,4 link

Question 16

What metal is needed for Heme proteins to function?

Answer 16

Fe

Question 17

What metal is needed for Glutathione peroxidase to function?

detoxifies hydrogen peroxide?

Answer 17

Se

Question 18

What is the order of fatty acid chain formation reactions?

Answer 18

CRDR

condensation, reduction, dehydration, reduction

Question 19

What does ACAD do?

Answer 19

synthesizes FA CoA –> trans Fatty Enol CoA

In beta oxidation of fatty acids

Question 20

What does Methylmalonyl CoA mutase do?

Answer 20

methylmalonyl coa –> succinyl coA

in FA degradation of odd # chains

Question 21

What is the rate limiting enzyme in the TCA cycle?

Answer 21

Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Isocitrate –> alpha ketoglutarate
(makes 1 NADH)

Question 22

What metal is needed for cytochrome c oxidase to function?

accepts e-s from cytochrome-c in the ETC

Answer 22

Cu

Question 23

Where are VLCFA degraded at first? What byproduct is produced?

Answer 23

Peroxisomes

H2O2

Question 24

What is the rate limiting enzyme in fatty acid degradation?

Answer 24

Carnitine Acyl Transferase/ CPT1

FA CoA –> FA Carnitine

Question 25

What does 3-hydroxyacyl coA dehydrogenase (3-HACD) do?

Answer 25

beta hydroxyacl coa --> Beta ketoacyl CoA | in beta oxidation of fatty acids

Question 26

What is the co-enzyme for LDH?

Answer 26

NADH

Question 27

what is the rate limiting step and enzyme in fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 27

Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC) | Acetyl CoA --> Malonyl CoA

Question 28

Is ACC active when it is phosphorylated or dephos?

Answer 28

active = dephosphorylated

Question 29

What is the rate limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis?

Answer 29

F 1,6 BPase | F1,6-P -->F6P

Question 30

What is the rate limiting enzyme in glycogenolysis?

Answer 30

glycogen phosphorylase | glycogen --> G-1P

Question 31

what does aldolase reductase do?

Answer 31

glucose --> sorbitol

Question 32

What does sorbitol dehydrogenase do? What happens if it is inhibited?

Answer 32

Sorbitol --> fructose | get sorbitol accumulation in kidneys, schwann cells, retina

Question 33

what are some symptoms of sorbitol accumulation?

Answer 33

cataracts, peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy

Question 34

What does aldolase B do?

Answer 34

Catalyses reaction of F1,6 BP to DHAP

Question 35

What happens in aldolase B deficiency/ hereditary fructose intolerance

Answer 35

Cant do F 1, 6 BP to DHAP, get accumulation of F 1,6 BP phosphate stores get used up, can't make ATP symptoms usually appear after baby stops breastfeeding

Question 36

where is phosphatidylcholine found

Answer 36

in inner layer of membrane in normal cell | in outer layer of membrane in dying cell

Question 37

Where is sphingomyelin found?

Answer 37

most common SL present in outer layer

Question 38

What are glycolipids made of? | Where are they found

Answer 38

sphingosine backbone w/ carb residue | found in outer leaflet