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MCM > Metal Ions, misc from Metabolism > Flashcards

Metal Ions, misc from Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What is Ca-EDTA with dimercoprol used for?

A

to treat lead poisoning by chelating Pb

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2
Q

What does enoyl coA hydrotase do?

A

Trans Fatty enoyl CoA –> Beta hydroxyacyl CoA

in beta oxidation of fatty acids

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3
Q

What are the three ketone bodies?

A

acetoacetate, beta ketoacetate, and acetone

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4
Q

What does beta-ketothiolase do?

A

Beta-ketoacyl CoA –> Fatty Acyl CoA (minus 2 carbons)

in beta oxidation of fatty acids

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5
Q

What does Proponyl CoA Carboxylase do?

A

Prop coa –> methylmal coA
(adds 1 carbon to make 4 c molecule)
in FA degradation of odd # chains

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6
Q

What metals are needed for Superoxide dismutase (antioxidant) to function?

A

Cu and Zn

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7
Q

What metal is needed for ATPases to function?

hydrolyze ATP to ADP

A

Mg

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8
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis?

A

PFK-1

F6P –> F1,6-P

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9
Q

What is the order of odd chain FA degradation?

A

Metabolized until 3C left = Proponyl CoA –>Methylmalonyl CoA –>Succinyl CoA –> TCA cycle

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10
Q

what is the order of basic reactions in Beta oxidation of fatty acids?

A

OHOT

Oxidate, hydrate, oxidate, thiolate

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11
Q

What are the order of products in beta oxidation?

A

FA CoA –> Trans Fatty enoyl coA –> Beta hydroxyacyl CoA –> Beta-Ketoacyl CoA –> Fatty Acyl coA (minus 2 carbons)

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12
Q

Is ATP citrate lyase active when it is phosphorylated or dephos?

A

phosphorylated = on!

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13
Q

What is troponin used to detect?

A

Myocardial infarction

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14
Q

Where does Beta oxidation occur?

A

In the mitochondria

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15
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme in glycogenesis?

A

glycogen synthase

UDP glucose –> 1,4 link

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16
Q

What metal is needed for Heme proteins to function?

A

Fe

17
Q

What metal is needed for Glutathione peroxidase to function?

detoxifies hydrogen peroxide?

A

Se

18
Q

What is the order of fatty acid chain formation reactions?

A

CRDR

condensation, reduction, dehydration, reduction

19
Q

What does ACAD do?

A

synthesizes FA CoA –> trans Fatty Enol CoA

In beta oxidation of fatty acids

20
Q

What does Methylmalonyl CoA mutase do?

A

methylmalonyl coa –> succinyl coA

in FA degradation of odd # chains

21
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme in the TCA cycle?

A

Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Isocitrate –> alpha ketoglutarate
(makes 1 NADH)

22
Q

What metal is needed for cytochrome c oxidase to function?

accepts e-s from cytochrome-c in the ETC

A

Cu

23
Q

Where are VLCFA degraded at first? What byproduct is produced?

A

Peroxisomes

H2O2

24
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme in fatty acid degradation?

A

Carnitine Acyl Transferase/ CPT1

FA CoA –> FA Carnitine

25
Q

What does 3-hydroxyacyl coA dehydrogenase (3-HACD) do?

A

beta hydroxyacl coa –> Beta ketoacyl CoA

in beta oxidation of fatty acids

26
Q

What is the co-enzyme for LDH?

A

NADH

27
Q

what is the rate limiting step and enzyme in fatty acid synthesis?

A

Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC)

Acetyl CoA –> Malonyl CoA

28
Q

Is ACC active when it is phosphorylated or dephos?

A

active = dephosphorylated

29
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis?

A

F 1,6 BPase

F1,6-P –>F6P

30
Q

What is the rate limiting enzyme in glycogenolysis?

A

glycogen phosphorylase

glycogen –> G-1P

31
Q

what does aldolase reductase do?

A

glucose –> sorbitol

32
Q

What does sorbitol dehydrogenase do? What happens if it is inhibited?

A

Sorbitol –> fructose

get sorbitol accumulation in kidneys, schwann cells, retina

33
Q

what are some symptoms of sorbitol accumulation?

A

cataracts, peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy

34
Q

What does aldolase B do?

A

Catalyses reaction of F1,6 BP to DHAP

35
Q

What happens in aldolase B deficiency/ hereditary fructose intolerance

A

Cant do F 1, 6 BP to DHAP, get accumulation of F 1,6 BP
phosphate stores get used up, can’t make ATP
symptoms usually appear after baby stops breastfeeding

36
Q

where is phosphatidylcholine found

A

in inner layer of membrane in normal cell

in outer layer of membrane in dying cell

37
Q

Where is sphingomyelin found?

A

most common SL present in outer layer

38
Q

What are glycolipids made of?

Where are they found

A

sphingosine backbone w/ carb residue

found in outer leaflet

MCM (14 decks)

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