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MATSE 111i > Metal Extraction: Hydrometallurgy and Electrometallurgy (Module 1-6) > Flashcards

Metal Extraction: Hydrometallurgy and Electrometallurgy (Module 1-6) Flashcards

1
Q

Also called Hydrometallurgy

A

Aqueous solution processing

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2
Q

It is concerned with the production of metals or metallic compounds from ___ and ___ wherein the chemical reactions involved are carried out in aqueous solutions at a specific temperature and pressure.

A

ores and metal scraps

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3
Q

What is the usual temperature and pressure of hydrometallurgy?

A

<300 deg. Celsius and <300 psi

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4
Q

What are the general steps in hydrometallurgy?

A
  1. Leaching
  2. Solution purification and concentration
  3. Metal winning
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5
Q

What are the two general types of leaching?

A
  1. Concentration leaching
  2. Separation leaching
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6
Q

What are the common types of leaching?

A
  1. In situ
  2. Dump (Percolation leaching)
  3. Heap (Percolation leaching)
  4. Agitation
  5. Pressure leaching
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7
Q

It is the use of an aqueous solvent in the dissolution of the ore or some minerals in the ore.

A

Leaching

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8
Q

In this general type of leaching, the desierd mineral/metal is dissolved

A

Concentration leaching

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9
Q

In this general type of leaching, undesirable mineral or constituent is removed or dissolved; residue removed is the valuable product.

A

Separation Leaching

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10
Q

This is the solution used to dissolve the minerals.

A

Lixiviant

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11
Q

This common type of leaching is done in place where lixiviant is directly introduced to the ore deposit.

A

In-situ Leaching

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12
Q

In In-situ leaching, the enriched solution is also called ____?

A

Leach Liquor

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13
Q

In this common type of leaching, the run-of-mine ores are collected and dumped in an identified location.

A

Dump Leaching

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14
Q

In this common type of leaching, the lixiviant is sprayed over the dump, percolates, and the leach liquor is collected at the base of the dump.

A

Dump Leaching

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15
Q

In this common type of leaching, ore is piled into smaller heaps on the ground which underwent surface preparation.

A

Heap Leaching

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16
Q

In this common type of leaching, the lixiviant is sprayed over the heap, percolates and the leach liquor is collected at the collection ditch at the base.

A

Heap Leaching

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17
Q

This common type of leaching involves mixing ground and classified ore with the leach solution in agitation tanks.

A

Agitation Leaching

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18
Q

Agitation in agitation leaching enhances what by increasing contact frequency of the lixiviant with unreacted minerals?

A

Reaction Kinetics

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19
Q

This common type of leaching involves mixing ground and classified ore with the leach solution in pressure vessels (autoclaves)

A

Pressure Leaching

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20
Q

Temperature and pressure of what range are achievable in pressure leaching?

A

> 200 deg Celsius and >20 atm

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21
Q

Reaction kinetics is fastest in what common type of leaching?

A

Pressure Leaching

22
Q

This involves the removal of the undesirable constituents in the leach liquor (or pregnant solution) and preconcentration of the metal in the solution.

A

Solution purification and concentration

23
Q

What are the two methods under solution purification and concentration?

A

a. Ion Exchange
b. Solvent Extraction

24
Q

This method uses synthetic polymeric resins designed to exchange ions for ions in solution.

A

Ion Exchange

25
Q

In this method, a distributive process wherein the valuable metal is allowed to partition itself between two immiscible phases.

A

Solvent Extraction

26
Q

In ion exchange, what type of solution is produced after the sorption process in which dilute pregnant solution was subjected to?

A

Barren Solution

27
Q

(In ion exchange) After the sorption process, the ions are flooded with stripping solution, which then produces what solution?

A

Enriched pregnant solution

28
Q

In solvent reaction, the two main processes are ____ and ____.

A

Extraction and Stripping

29
Q

What are the two methods under metal winning?

A

a. Precipitation
b. Electrolytic Deposition

30
Q

What are the three types of precipitation under metal winning?

A

a. Recrystallization
b. Precipitation with gases
c. Precipitation by metals

31
Q

This method uses electrons for the reduction of metal ions

A

Electrolytic Deposition

32
Q

The recovery of Ni and Co uses precipitation with what gas?

A

H2S

33
Q

In precipitation with H2S, the H2S generator is usually connected with what process?

A

Precipitation

34
Q

In precipitation with H2, cobalt is usually converted from ___ to ___.

A

from 3+ to 2+

35
Q

In pyrometallurgy, copper is usually extracted between ____ wt% copper, whereas in hydrometallurgy, it is extracted between ___ wt% copper.

A

20-35

0.6-8.0

36
Q

T/F: The choice between pyro and hyrometallurgy also depends on the amenability of dissolving tha valuable mineral using available solutes.

A

False. Available solvents.

37
Q

T/F: One downside of pyrometallurgy is the presence of volatile toxic elements upon melting such as As, Sb, Pb, and Hg.

A

True

38
Q

T/F: Another factor in choosing between pyro- and hydrometallurgy is the cost of minng and bringing the ore to the surface.

A

True

39
Q

It is also called electrometallurgical extraction.

A

Electrometallurgy

40
Q

It involves the electrolysis or decomposition of either an aqueous solution of a fused salt (molten salt) by the passage of an electric current.

A

Electrometallurgy

41
Q

T/F: Electrometallurgical processes can be divided into two.

A

True

42
Q

There are electrometallurgical processes conducted at high temps and include production by electrolysis of metals such as ___ and ___ from their fused salts.

A

aluminum and magnesium

43
Q

There are electrometallurgical processes carried out below ____ deg. Celsius using aqueous solutions and include electrolytic extraction (also known as _____) and refining as well as electroplating.

A

70

electrowinning

44
Q

Electrowinning uses ___ anode while electrorefining uses ____ anode.

A

inert

soluble

45
Q

T/F: Cathode is always oxidized.

A

False. Cathode is always reduced.

46
Q

Anode reactions depend on the electrolyte used and whether the anode is ____ or ____.

A

soluble or inert

47
Q

T/F: Anodes are usually made of mixed metal oxides (MMO)

A

True

48
Q

What is the goal of electrowinning?

A

Extract the desired metal from the solution

49
Q

In electrorefining, the soluble anode consists of ____ metal to be refined.

A

impure

50
Q

In electrorefining, electrolyte consists of an aqueous solution of a ___ of the metal being refined.

A

salt

51
Q

In electrorefining, anode ___ is produced

A

mud

MATSE 111i (6 decks)

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