Metacognition Flashcards
Refers to all the mental processes and abilities in which people use or engage on a daily basis.
Cognition
Examples of such mental processes are memory learning, problem-solving, evaluation, reasoning and decision-making.
Cognition
Helps to generate new knowledge through these mental processes and helps to use the knowledge that people have in their daily life.
Cognition
When you sense that you are experiencing some difficulty with a topic you are studying, and you try out different strategies to learn better,
Metacognition
It consists both metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulations.
Metacognition
Metacognition exercises active control over cognitive processes engaged in learning is also known as….
Self-regulation
It refers both to the knowledge people have about their own cognitive processes and the intentional use of certain cognitive processes to facilitate learning and memory.
Metacognition
The knowledge people have about their own cognitive processes.
Metacognitive Knowledge
The use of cognitive processes to facilitate learning and memory.
Metacognitive Regulation
This includes how one views himself as a learner.
It also refers to knowledge about how human beings learn and process information, as well as individual knowledge of one’s own learning process.
Person Variables
Includes knowledge about the nature of the task as well as the type of processing demands that it will place upon the individual.
It is about knowing what exactly needs to be accomplished, gauging its difficulty and knowing the kind of effort it will demand from you.
Task Variables
Involves awareness of the strategy you are using to learn a topic and evaluating whether this strategy is effective.
Strategy variables
Is the awareness of specific strategies so that you can keep your attention focused on the topic or task at hand.
Meta-attention
Is your awareness of memory strategies that work best for you.
Meta-memory
Knowledge about the self as learner, factors that influence the person’s learning and memory and the skills, strategies, and resources needed to perform a task. In other words, knowing what to do.
Declarative Knowledge
It is knowing how to use strategies in different occasions or conditions.
Procedural Knowledge
Knowing the conditions as to when to apply the procedures and strategies to ensure completion of the task.
Self-regulating Knowledge
Knowledge about how human process and learn information and individuals knowledge about their own cognitive processes.
Metacognitive Knowledge
The learning of a complex subject matter is most effective when it is an intentional process of constructing meaning from information and experience.
Nature of the learning process
The successful learner, over time and with support and instructional guidance, can create meaningful, coherent representations of knowledge.
Goals of the learning process
The successful learner can link new information with existing knowledge in meaningful ways.
Construction of Knowledge
The successful learner can create and use a repertoire of thinking and reasoning strategies to achieve complex learning goals.
Strategic Thinking
Higher order strategies for selecting and monitoring mental operations facilitate creative and critical thinking.
Thinking about Thinking
Learning is influenced by environmental factors, including culture, technology and instructional practices.
Context of Learning
What and how much is learned is influenced by the learner’s motivation. Motivation to learn, in turn, is influenced by the individual’s emotional states, beliefs, interests and goals, and habits of thinking.
Motivational and Emotional Influences on Learning
The learner’s creativity, higher order thinking, and natural curiosity all contribute to motivation to learn. Intrinsic motivation is stimulated by tasks of optimal novelty and difficulty, relevant to personal interests, and providing for personal choice and control.
Intrinsic motivation to learn
Acquisition of complex knowledge and skills requires extended learner effort and guided practice. Without learners’ motivation to learn, the willingness to exert this effort is unlikely without coercion.
Effects of Motivation on Effort
As individuals develop, there are different opportunities and constraints for learning. Learning is most effective when differential development within and across physical, intellectual, emotional and social domains is taken into account.
Developmental Influences on Learning
Learning is influenced by social interactions, interpersonal relations and communication with others.
Social Influences on Learning
Learners have different strategies, approaches and capabilities for learning that are a function of prior experience and heredity.
Individual Differences on Learning
Learning is most effective when differences in learners’ linguistic, cultural and social backgrounds are taken into account.
Learning and Diversity
Setting appropriately high and challenging standards and assessing the learner as well as learning progress – including diagnostic process and outcome assessment – are integral parts of the learning process.
Standards and Assessment
