Learning Theories (Cognitivism) Flashcards
It is interested in the function of the brain.
Cognitivist/Cognitivism
Based on models for making sense of the real-life experiences and how we receive and interpret information
Cognitivism/cognitivist psychology
Cognitive activities and processes such as processing information, mental representations, guesses, expectations, are accepted as basis in the interpretation of learning.
Cognitivist approach/ Cognitivism
Who is the proponent of latent learning?
Edward Chance Tolman
According to this theory, learning occurs in a situations where there is no certain rewards because of the presence of cognitive maps.
Edward Tolman’s Latent Learning
It is also called as purposive behaviorism.
Latent Learning
Who is the proponent of Meaningful Verbal Learning Theory?
David Ausubel
This theory states learners’ learn new information through direct exposure rather than discovery.
Meaningful Verbal Learning Theory
What are the two dimensions of learning?
Reception Learning & Discovery Learning
Learners learn new information from the teachers.
Reception Learning
Learners focus on identifying key ideas and work out to store this information on their own.
Discovery Learning
Who is the proponent of Discovery Learning Theory?
Jerome Bruner
This emphasizes that learning is more meaningful when the learners are given the opportunity to interact with themselves and with the environment through conducting experiment
Discover Learning Theory
Who is the proponent of insight learning or problem solving theory?
Wolfgang Kohler
This theory emphasizes that learners have the capacity to determine and understand the given phenomena in a bigger view that involves exploring, analyzing, and structuring perceptions
Wolfgang Kohler’s Insight Learning
It is the imaginative power to discern the true meaning of a situation.
Insight
Who is the proponent of Theory of Data Processing?
George Miller
This theory states that information is the basic means of learning and explains learning in terms of memory system.
George Miller’s Theory of Data Processing
What are the three elements of information processing?
Information stores, cognitive processes, executive cognition
Refers to the place where information is stored.
Information stores
stage where information is received through different senses
Sensory record
stage where information is processed and turned into behavior before transferring it to the Long Term Memory
Short-term memory
stage where information is continually stored
Long-term memory
What are the different parts of information in LTM?
Semantic memory, recollection memory, operational memory
The storage of verbal information.
Semantic memory
The storage of records and events, time, places, and phenomena.
Recollection memory
The storage of skills and ordinal.
Operational memory
refers to the mental activities that help in transferring information from one memory to another.
Cognitive processes
What are these cognitive processes?
Attention, perception, repetition, coding, storing, and retrieving
the power to focus on selective information
Attention
The process of describing information.
Perception
The process of storing repetitive information.
Repetition
The process of deducting and using codes
Coding
information is establishe in verbal units
Storing
the process of looking for, finding, activating information when needed.
retrieving
the harmony between information stores and cognitive processes.
executive cognition
Who is the proponent of information processing theory/
Richard Atkinson & Richard Shriffin
This theory explains how information is processed into memory so that learners could get the best out of stored information.
Richard Atkinson & Richard Shriffin’s information learning theory
What are the three stages of human memory?
Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory
utilizes different senses such as olfactory, auditory, sight, smell, and touch in capturing information.
Sensory memory
selects information through the process of attention and perception transferred by sensory memory.
Short-term memory
the permanent storage of information related to the different areas of life. It is activated during the retrieval phase.
Long-term memory
components of long-term memory
Episodic and procedural
the recall of time and place
episodic
the recall of skills and tasks
procedural
What are the three causes of forgetting?
retrieval failure, decay theory, interference theory
inability to recall information
retrieval failure
due to failure to use information
decay theory
due to the interference of other learning
interference learning theory
What are the guidelines to help learners process information?
- Gain attention of learners.
- Ask question to recall prior learning.
- Point out missed information.
- Organize essential information.
- Categorize related information.
- Relate new information to existing ones.
- Teach learners how to encode for easy remembering.
- Repeat learning process.
- Overlearn material.
- Pay attention to overloaded mental tasks.
Who is the proponent of dual-coding theory?
Allan Paiyo
theory that affirms that two or more learning modalities are affected for learners to learn better and faster.
Allan Paiyo’s Dual Coding Theory
who is the proponent of cumulative learning?
Robert Gagne or Robert Gayne
theory that emphasizes that learning skills are arrange hierarchically.
Robert Gagne/Gayne’s Cumulative Learning
What are the eight hierarchy of learning?
- Signal learning
- stimulus-response learning
- motor-verbal response
- verbal associations
- discrimination learning
- concept learning
- principle learning
- problem solving
refers to the responses that are learned involuntarily
