Metabolites And Vitamins

Question 1

What is pellagra?

Answer 1

Diarrhoea, dermatitis and dementia

Caused by a niacin (b3) deficiency

Question 2

What does a deficiency in pyridoxine lead to?

Answer 2

Pyridoxine is B6

Causes : anaemia, irritability and seizures

Question 3

Vitamins A deficiency causes what?

Answer 3

Night blindness

Vitamin A is called retinoids

Question 4

Which vitamin deficiency leads to beri beri? And what is it?

Answer 4

B1 (thiamine)

Beriberi is wet or dry
Wet - heart failure
Dry - peripheral nervous system (wasting and paralysis) and wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

Question 5

What’s the triad seen in wernickes encephalopathy?

Answer 5

Mental confusion
Ataxia
Ophthalmoplegia (nystagmus)

Question 6

What is korsakoffs?

Answer 6

Retrograde and anterograde amnesia And
Confabulation

Delevopment on from wernickes

Question 7

What’s the treatment for B12 deficiency?

Answer 7

Hydroxocobalamin

Question 8

Features of B12 deficiency compared to folate?

Answer 8

Both megaloblastic anaemia

B12 - peripheral neuropathy
Folate - neural tube defects in pregnancy

Question 9

What is scurvy?

Answer 9

Gingivitis and bleeding

Deficiency in vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Question 10

What are the management steps in treating hypercalcemia?

Answer 10

1) IV fluids (saline)
2) bisphosphates
Or calcitonin which has a quicker effect

Question 11

What electrolyte imbalance does compartment syndrome cause and why,

Answer 11

Hyperkalemia

Because of muscle death