Metabolism - Proteins & Amino Acids Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is a useful clinical marker for muscle wasting and sometimes renal function?
Creatinine
What compounds are high in Nitrogen content?
Porphyrins (haem)
Creatine
Neurotransmitters
Hormones - Adrenaline
What is the function of PCr or Creatine phosphate?
Serves as a rapidly mobilisable reserve of ATP in skeletal muscle.
At what rate is creatinine produced at?
Constant rate, depending on muscle mass
On average how much protein per day is ingested in a 70 kg man?
How much is Nitrogen and Amino Acid?
100 g of protein
16 g of amino acids
16 g of Nitrogen
What are the amino acids which are both glucogenic and ketogenic?
Phenylalanine Isoleucine Tryptophan Threonine Tyrosine
What are the ketogenic acids (only)
Lysine
Leucine
What are the 9 essential amino acids?
Isoleucine Leucine Tryptophan Histidine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Valine
What mnemonic is useful for remembering the 9 essential amino acids?
If learned this huge list may prove truly valuable.
What amino acids do children and pregnant women also require, on top of the 9 essential ones?
Arginine
Tyrosine
Cysteine
How does Cushing’s disease result in striae formation?
Excessive cortisol release leads to central deposits of adipose tissue and weakened skin.
Generally, what is the purpose of transamination and deamination?
Both processes facilitate the removal of N from amino acids
Write an equation for Transamination generally
Amino Acid 1 + Keto-Acid 2 –> Amino Acid 2 + Keto-Acid 1
What type if enzyme facilitates transamination?
Aminotransferases
Most aminotransferases use X to funnel an amino group to Y. What is X?
What is Y?
Alpha-Ketoglutarate (found in TCA Cycle) is X
Glutamate is Y
What is the exception to the typical aminotransferase rule?
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
This enzyme uses oxaloacetate to funnel amino group to aspartate
What does Asparate aminotransferase do?
Converts glutamate to aspartate
What does Alanine Aminotransferase do?
Converts Alanine to Glutamate
In what circumstances will ALT and AST be raised.
ALT - 20x higher in case of “death cap” consumption, fungal species Aminita Phalloides
Both: Extensive Cellular Necrosis, from Viral Hepatitis, Toxic Injury, Autoimmune Liver Disease
Define Deamination
Liberation of amino group as Free Ammonia
What are the purine bases?
Adenine and Guanine
