Metabolism Podcast - Glycolysis

Question 1

Where does all energy ultimately come from?

Answer 1

The Sun

Question 2

How can the Metabolic Pathway be divided?

Answer 2

Catabolic Pathways

Anabolic Pathways

Question 3

In glycolysis what are the 3 molecules that can capture electrons?

Answer 3

NAD+
FAD
NADP+

Question 4

What is the function of NAD+ and FAD?

Answer 4

Co-factors that pick up two electrons each

Question 5

What do NAD+ and FAD use their electrons for?

Answer 5

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP

Question 6

What is NADP+?

Answer 6

This is NAD+ with an additional phosphate group

Question 7

What is NADP+ reduced to when it picks up two elections?

Answer 7

NADPH+ + H+

Question 8

What type of reactions are Anabolic pathways?

Answer 8

Endergonic reactions

Reductive reactions

Question 9

How is the Catabolism of food brought about?

Answer 9

1. Macromolecules are degraded into monomeric units
2. Monomeric units converted into simple molecules
3. Acetyl group of Acetyl-CoA is oxidised in krebs

Question 10

What cell require glucose as an energy source?

Answer 10

Erythrocytes
Renal Medulla
Retinal Cells

Question 11

What is Cellobiose made from?

Answer 11

Beta Glucose and Alpha Glucose

• Cellobiose forms cellulose

Question 12

Why can glucose not diffuse freely though the membrane?

Answer 12

Glucose is a polar carbohydrate

Question 13

What are the different types of transporters for Glucose?

Answer 13

Glucose Symporters

Glut 1-5 transporters

Question 14

Where are Glut 1 receptors and how does it function?

Answer 14

Located at the Brain

Low Km

Question 15

Where are Glut 2 receptors and how does it function?

Answer 15

Liver Beta Cells

High Km

Insulin dependent

Question 16

Where are Glut 3 receptors and how does it function?

Answer 16

Brain

Low Km

Question 17

Where are Glut 4 receptors and how does it function?

Answer 17

Located in Muscles and Adipose Tissues

Insulin dependent

Question 18

Where are Glut 4 receptors and how does it function?

Answer 18

Located in the Gut

Transports Fructose

Question 19

What is Glycolysis?

Answer 19

Initial pathway for the breakdown of glucose

Conversion of 1 glucose molecule (6C) to two Pyruvate molecules (3C)

Question 20

What is the general equation for Glycolysis?

Answer 20

Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+

             Goes to 

2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 H2O + 2 NADH + H+

Question 21

What are the stages of Glycolysis?

Answer 21

Stage 1: Glucose is trapped and destabilised

Stage 2: Two Interconvertible 3 Carbon molecules are formed

Stage 3: Generation of ATP

Question 22

What is glucose coverted during glycolysis?

Answer 22

(– 2ATP -> 2 ADP — )
———————————————————
Fructose-1,6 bis-phosphate (6c)
————————————————————
2 Triose Phosphates (3C)
———————————————————–
(4ADP -> 4ATP) (2NAD+ -> 2NADH+H+)
————————————————————
2 Pyruvate

Question 23

What are the three enzymes used in Glycolysis?

Answer 23

Hexokinase
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate Kinase

Question 24

What does Hexokinase catalyse?

Answer 24

Glucose + ATP —> Glucose-6-phosphate + ADP + H+

Question 25

What does Phosphofructokinase catalyse?

Answer 25

Fructose 6-phosphate + ATP –> Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP + H+

Question 26

What does Pyruvate Kinase catalyse?

Answer 26

Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H+ –> Pyruvate + ATP

Question 27

What are Modulators?

Answer 27

A Modulator regulates the activity of an enzyme