Metabolism Podcast - Glycolysis Flashcards
Where does all energy ultimately come from?
The Sun
How can the Metabolic Pathway be divided?
Catabolic Pathways
Anabolic Pathways
In glycolysis what are the 3 molecules that can capture electrons?
NAD+
FAD
NADP+
What is the function of NAD+ and FAD?
Co-factors that pick up two electrons each
What do NAD+ and FAD use their electrons for?
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP
What is NADP+?
This is NAD+ with an additional phosphate group
What is NADP+ reduced to when it picks up two elections?
NADPH+ + H+
What type of reactions are Anabolic pathways?
Endergonic reactions
Reductive reactions
How is the Catabolism of food brought about?
- Macromolecules are degraded into monomeric units
- Monomeric units converted into simple molecules
- Acetyl group of Acetyl-CoA is oxidised in krebs
What cell require glucose as an energy source?
Erythrocytes
Renal Medulla
Retinal Cells
What is Cellobiose made from?
Beta Glucose and Alpha Glucose
- Cellobiose forms cellulose
Why can glucose not diffuse freely though the membrane?
Glucose is a polar carbohydrate
What are the different types of transporters for Glucose?
Glucose Symporters
Glut 1-5 transporters
Where are Glut 1 receptors and how does it function?
Located at the Brain
Low Km
Where are Glut 2 receptors and how does it function?
Liver Beta Cells
High Km
Insulin dependent
Where are Glut 3 receptors and how does it function?
Brain
Low Km
Where are Glut 4 receptors and how does it function?
Located in Muscles and Adipose Tissues
Insulin dependent
Where are Glut 4 receptors and how does it function?
Located in the Gut
Transports Fructose
What is Glycolysis?
Initial pathway for the breakdown of glucose
Conversion of 1 glucose molecule (6C) to two Pyruvate molecules (3C)
What is the general equation for Glycolysis?
Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+
Goes to
2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 H2O + 2 NADH + H+
What are the stages of Glycolysis?
Stage 1: Glucose is trapped and destabilised
Stage 2: Two Interconvertible 3 Carbon molecules are formed
Stage 3: Generation of ATP
What is glucose coverted during glycolysis?
(– 2ATP -> 2 ADP — )
———————————————————
Fructose-1,6 bis-phosphate (6c)
————————————————————
2 Triose Phosphates (3C)
———————————————————–
(4ADP -> 4ATP) (2NAD+ -> 2NADH+H+)
————————————————————
2 Pyruvate
What are the three enzymes used in Glycolysis?
Hexokinase
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate Kinase
What does Hexokinase catalyse?
Glucose + ATP —> Glucose-6-phosphate + ADP + H+
What does Phosphofructokinase catalyse?
Fructose 6-phosphate + ATP –> Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP + H+
What does Pyruvate Kinase catalyse?
Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H+ –> Pyruvate + ATP
What are Modulators?
A Modulator regulates the activity of an enzyme
