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Biochemistry Principles > Biochemistry - Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Biochemistry - Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major classes of Biomolecules?

A

Peptides
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates

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2
Q

What is Lactose composed of?

A

Glucose and Galactose

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3
Q

What is Maltose composed of?

A

Glucose and Glucose

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4
Q

What is Sucrose composed of?

A

Glucose and Fructose

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5
Q

What is Cellulose composed of?

A

Glucose and Beta Glucose

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6
Q

What are examples of Diasaccharides (3)?

A

Lactose
Maltose
Sucrose

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7
Q

What are the common Monosaccharides?

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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8
Q

What are the three common Polysaccharides?

A

Cellulose
Starch
Glycogen

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9
Q

What elements are carbohydrates made from?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

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10
Q

What are Polysaccharides generally used for?

A

Storage and rapid energy conversion

Structure

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11
Q

What is the first law of Thermodynamics?

A

Energy can neither be created or destroyed

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12
Q

What is the second law of Thermodynamics?

A

No energy transformation is 100% efficient

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13
Q

What is entropy?

A

Free energy will tend towards an unstable state after multiple transformations.

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14
Q

What is the symbol given for Heat Content?

A

Delta H

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15
Q

What is the symbol given for Entropy?

A

Delta S

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16
Q

What is the equation for free energy?

A

dG = dH - TdS

17
Q

What is the equation for the free energy in terms of Products and reactants?

A

dG = Energy of the Products - Energy of Reactants

18
Q

What is an Exergonic reaction?

A

Reactions in which the total free energy of the products is less than the total free energy of the
reactants

19
Q

What is delta G for an exergonic reaction?

A

dG is negative in exergonic reactions.

20
Q

Are Exergonic reactions Spontaneous or not?

A

Exergonic Reactions are spontaneous

21
Q

What is a Endergonic reaction?

A

Reactions in which the total free energy of the products is more than the total free energy of the
reactions

22
Q

What is delta G for an Endergonic reaction?

A

dG is positive in endergonic reactions

23
Q

Are Endergonic reactions Spontaneous or not?

A

Endergonic reactions are not spontaneous

24
Q

How do you determine the Free energy of this reaction?

A + B —- C + D

A

dG= dGo + RTIn([C][D]/[A][B])

25
Q

What are the conditions for Standard Conditions?

A

Temperature: - 298k
Pressure: 1 atm
1 M concentration of reactants
pH 7

26
Q

What does Delta G show (free energy) ?

A

dG is related to the point of equilibrium: The further towards completion the point of equilibrium is
more free energy is released

27
Q

What is dG equal to when the reaction is at the equilibrium point?

A

dGo = -RTlnK

28
Q

What type of reaction is considered favourable?

A

Reactions with a negative delta G (Free energy)

29
Q

How does the body maximise its delta G with regards to unfavourable reactions?

A

Unfavourable reactions are coupled to highly favourable processes

30
Q

What is an unfavourable reaction?

A

Reactions with a Positive delta G

31
Q

What is the equation for ATP hydrolysis?

A

ATP + H2O —- ADP + Pi + H+

32
Q

How much energy is evolved when one ATP molecule is hydrolyses to ADP?

A

-30kj/mol

33
Q

What forms of ATP are the most stable to the least stable?

A

ATP least stable —- >AMP most stable

34
Q

What is Catabolism?

A

-breaking down complex molecules into smaller molecules and releasing energy

35
Q

What Anabolism?

A

Synthesising of complex molecules out of smaller molecules, this requires energy

Biochemistry Principles (10 decks)

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