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Biochemistry Principles > Biomolecules and their reactions - Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Biomolecules and their reactions - Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What determines the reactivity of an atom?

A

The number of electron

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2
Q

What causes an atom to be reactive?

A

The outermost shell/orbital not being filled

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3
Q

When is an atom stable?

A

Outermost shell filled

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4
Q

What is the bond energy from high to low of the different types of bonds?

A

Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds Hydrogen Bonds Hydrophobic Interactions Van Der Waals

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5
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

The sharing of electrons

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6
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

Attraction of opposite charges

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7
Q

What is a Hydrogen bond?

A

Sharing of a H, N,O,F with eachother

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8
Q

What is a hydrophobic interaction?

A

Interaction of non-polar substances in the presence of polar substances

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9
Q

What are Van Der Waals forces?

A

Interaction of nonpolar substances

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10
Q

How many covalent bonds can carbon make?

A

4

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11
Q

What does a 4 covalent bonded Carbon structure look like?

A

Tetrahedral form

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12
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

Electronegativity is the attractive force that an atomic nucleus exerts on electron within a bond.

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13
Q

What does electronegativity define?

A

What parts of the molecule reacts How reactive it is

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14
Q

What is Phosphorylation?

A

Phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation: This is addition/removal of a phosphate group

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15
Q

What is Acylation?

A

Acylation: This is addition of an acyle group

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16
Q

What is Carboxylation?

A

This is addition of a carboxyl group.

17
Q

What is Phosphorylation used for?

A

Signalling reactions

18
Q

What is Carboxylation used for?

A

Acyle group is useful for joining molecules togethe

19
Q

What is an Acyle group composed of?

A

A C=O and an R group

20
Q

What is esterfication?

A

Formation of ester bond between carboxyl group and alcohol

21
Q

What type of reaction is an Esterfication reaction?

A

A condensation reaction

22
Q

What is the equation for an esterfication reaction?

A

Carboxyl + Alcohol-> Ester Bond + Water This is a reversible reaction

23
Q

What is Hydrolysis to release glucose called?

A

Glycogenolysis

24
Q

How is Glycogen made?

A

Condensation reaction

25
Q

What is a reducing agent?

A

A reducing agent is something that causes reduction but it itself is oxidised

26
Q

What is an oxidising agent?

A

An oxidising agent is something that causes oxidation, but it itself is reduced.

27
Q

What is the oxidation of carbon, from most reduced to most oxidised?

A

Alkanes (most recuded) Alcohols Aldehydes Carboxylic acid Carbon dioxide (most oxidised)

Biochemistry Principles (10 decks)

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