Biomolecules and their reactions - Lecture 1 Flashcards
What determines the reactivity of an atom?
The number of electron
What causes an atom to be reactive?
The outermost shell/orbital not being filled
When is an atom stable?
Outermost shell filled
What is the bond energy from high to low of the different types of bonds?
Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds Hydrogen Bonds Hydrophobic Interactions Van Der Waals
What is a covalent bond?
The sharing of electrons
What is an ionic bond?
Attraction of opposite charges
What is a Hydrogen bond?
Sharing of a H, N,O,F with eachother
What is a hydrophobic interaction?
Interaction of non-polar substances in the presence of polar substances
What are Van Der Waals forces?
Interaction of nonpolar substances
How many covalent bonds can carbon make?
4
What does a 4 covalent bonded Carbon structure look like?
Tetrahedral form
What is electronegativity?
Electronegativity is the attractive force that an atomic nucleus exerts on electron within a bond.
What does electronegativity define?
What parts of the molecule reacts How reactive it is
What is Phosphorylation?
Phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation: This is addition/removal of a phosphate group
What is Acylation?
Acylation: This is addition of an acyle group
What is Carboxylation?
This is addition of a carboxyl group.
What is Phosphorylation used for?
Signalling reactions
What is Carboxylation used for?
Acyle group is useful for joining molecules togethe
What is an Acyle group composed of?
A C=O and an R group
What is esterfication?
Formation of ester bond between carboxyl group and alcohol
What type of reaction is an Esterfication reaction?
A condensation reaction
What is the equation for an esterfication reaction?
Carboxyl + Alcohol-> Ester Bond + Water This is a reversible reaction
What is Hydrolysis to release glucose called?
Glycogenolysis
How is Glycogen made?
Condensation reaction
What is a reducing agent?
A reducing agent is something that causes reduction but it itself is oxidised
What is an oxidising agent?
An oxidising agent is something that causes oxidation, but it itself is reduced.
What is the oxidation of carbon, from most reduced to most oxidised?
Alkanes (most recuded) Alcohols Aldehydes Carboxylic acid Carbon dioxide (most oxidised)
