Metabolism of Lipids: Hyperlipidemia Flashcards
Levels of certain plasma lipids and lipoproteins are key risk factors for
cardiovascular disease (CVD)
most important plasma lipids are
cholesterol and triglyceride.
The main TG-carrying lipoproteins are
chylomicron (CM) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)
The main cholesterol carrying lipoproteins are
low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Cholesterol is the precursor for
steroid hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids
Triglycerides is a key energy source that is made up of
Free fatty acids that are ester-linked to a glycerol backbone
Triglycerides is synthesized in
intestinal and liver cells
After being synthesized in intestinal and liver cells triglycerides are then ….
transported through the plasma to peripheral cells for β- oxidation or storage
Lipids that are engulfed by macrophages become oxidized, generating toxic intermediates, which induce…
cytokine production and chemotaxis of inflammatory cells
LDL-loaded arterial-wall macrophages become
foam cells
What do foam cells take part of?
atherogenic plaques
What LDL has greater atherogenic potential?
small dense LDLs (sdLDLs)
Modified sdLDL is a
potent inductor of inflammatory processes associated with cardiovascular disease
What apolipoprotein ratios has strongest predictor of CHD risk?
ApoB to ApoA-I
Different homozygous loss- of-function mutations in the APOB or PCSK9 genes cause a monogenic syndrome called …
Hypobetalipoproteinaemia (HHbL)