Metabolism/nutrients Flashcards
What is metabolism?
All the chemical reactions that occur in a cell.
What is catabolism?
Large molecules are broken down into smaller ones (releasing energy)
What is anabolism?
Small molecules are built up into larger ones (requires energy)
What are nutrients?
Any substance in food used in growth, repair, maintaining the body
any substance required in metabolism
Six types of nutrients?
lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, amino acids, water
Organic nutrients?
Long carbon chains large molecules always containing carbon may contain hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and sulfur. CHO
carbs?
Glucose - main source of energy
CHO; carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Saccharides - simple sugars
-monosacc glucose
-disacc 2 joined together - lactose
-polysacc many - glycogen
lipids?
less oxygen than carbon
1 glycerol + 1/2/3 fatty acids
triglyceride model - 3 fatty acids
Proteins?
Uses enzymes
consist of over 100 amino acids
Bonds of protein?
peptide
dipeptide - 2 amino acids
polypeptide - 10 or more amino acids
Purpose of protein?
final energy source
make up muscle cells
make up antibodies
make up hormones
Nucleic acids?
CHO + nitrogen + phosphorus
DNA or RNA
made up of nucleotides
Inorganic means + 3 types
not based in carbon
water, minerals, vitamins
WATER?
important in metabolism most other substances are dissolved in
minerals?
important in metabolism function as cofactors or part of an enzyme and be be involved in creation of ATP
Vitamins?
can act as coenzymes for many reactions of metabolism
