Metabolism Integrated Flashcards
What can acetyl coA be converted into?
Cholesterol
Ketone bodies
How is gluconeogenesis different to glycolysis?
By passes some steps
Does not produce pyruvate or acetyl coA
Describe the process of gluconeogenesis?
Pyruvate —> oxaloacetate Oxaloactate —> phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP carboxykinase) —> F16BP loosing 6 ATP F16BP—> F6P (F16BPase) F6P—>G6P G6P—> glucose (G6Pase)
Where an proteins enter carbohydrate metabolism?
Pyruvate (then stimulate gluconeogenesis)
TCA
Acetyl coA
How can lipids I enter carbohydrate metabolism?
Fatty acids —>acetyl coA
This means no pyruvate is produced so gluconeogenesis cannot be stimulated
What happens when you exercise?
Increase glucose transporters in muscle
ADRENALINE = increase muscle glycolysis
Increase gluconeogenesis
Increase fatty acid release
What happens when we start to respire anaerobically?
Glycogenolysis
Lactate increases
Lactate is converted back to glucose by liver
Where are hexokinase 1 and 4 found?
1 muscles
4 liver
What are differences between HK 1 and 4?
HK1
High glucose affinity
Reaches maximum activity at low glucose conc
Highly sensitive to g6P inhibition (so if too much g6p then it will stop)
What do beta cells release as well as insulin?
Zinc
What is GLP1 and what does it do?
Glucagon like peptide 1
Drug to treat type 2 diabetes
Makes the beta cells produce more insulin
What happens when we eat?
More insulin, less glucagon
Liver = takes up glucose and stores it as glycogen
Muscle = takes u glucose
Adipose tissue = makes more fat
What happens when glucose levels begin to fall?
More glucagon, less insulin
Liver = glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis
Beta oxidation
Adrenaline
What happens if glucose levels fall very low?
Glucagon increases a lot
Adipose tissue = beta oxidation
Protein breakdown to enter gluconeogenesis
Liver = ketone bodies for brain
