Metabolism In Adverse Conditions

Question 1

What is dormancy in the context of metabolism?

Answer 1

A part of some organisms’ life cycle that allows survival during periods when the costs of continued normal metabolic activity would be too high

During dormancy, the metabolic rate can be reduced to save energy.

Question 2

What are the two types of dormancy? And what are they?

Answer 2

• Predictive dormancy
• Consequential dormancy

Predictive dormancy occurs before the onset of adverse conditions, while consequential dormancy occurs after.

Question 3

What happens to the metabolic rate during dormancy?

Answer 3

The metabolic rate decreases

Additionally, heart rate, breathing rate, and body temperature also decrease.

Question 4

What is predictive dormancy?

Answer 4

Dormancy that occurs before the onset of adverse conditions.

It allows organisms to prepare for unfavorable environmental changes.

Question 5

What is consequential dormancy?

Answer 5

Dormancy that occurs after the onset of adverse conditions.

It is a response to already existing unfavorable environmental factors.

Question 6

Which animals survive winter or low temperatures through hibernation?

Answer 6

Some mammals.

Hibernation is a form of dormancy that helps them conserve energy.

Question 7

What is aestivation?

Answer 7

A form of dormancy that allows survival in periods of high temperature or drought.

It is similar to hibernation but occurs in response to heat or lack of water.

Question 8

What is daily torpor?

Answer 8

A period of reduced activity within 24 hours in some animals with high metabolic rates.

It helps these animals conserve energy during parts of the day.

Question 9

What is one strategy organisms use to avoid adverse conditions?

Answer 9

Migration

Migration allows organisms to relocate to a more suitable environment.

Question 10

How does migration help organisms in terms of metabolism?

Answer 10

It avoids metabolic adversity by expending energy to relocate

This energy expenditure is justified by the benefits of finding a better habitat.

Question 11

How do organisms know to migrate?

Answer 11

It can be innate or learnt

Innate- primary, inherited
Learnt- secondary, experience, trial+error

Question 12

What are some specialized techniques used to study long-distance migration?

Answer 12

• Leg rings
  *tagging- butterflies, under wing
• satellite tracking - glued or implanted
  *colour marking

These techniques help researchers monitor and analyze migratory patterns.

Question 13

What is metabolism?

Answer 13

The sum total of all chemical reactions taking place in an organism