Cellular Respirtation (MPS) Flashcards
What is glycolysis?
The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm.
What is required for the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates during the energy investment stage of glycolysis?
ATP
What is the result of the energy investment phase in glycolysis?
Leads to the generation of more ATP during the energy pay-off stage and results in a net gain of 2 ATP.
What happens to pyruvate in aerobic conditions?
It is broken down to an acetyl group that combines with coenzyme A, forming acetyl coenzyme A.
What does the acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A combine with in the citric acid cycle?
Oxaloacetate- to form citrate
What is formed when citrate is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate?
Generation of ATP and the release of carbon dioxide.
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
In the matrix of the mitochondria.
What do dehydrogenase enzymes do in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?
Remove hydrogen ions and electrons and pass them to the coenzyme NAD, forming NADH.
Where are the hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH passed to?
The electron transport chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Fill in the blank: Glycolysis occurs in the _______.
cytoplasm
True or False: The citric acid cycle generates NADH.
True
What is the electron transport chain?
A series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane
What happens to electrons in the electron transport chain?
Electrons are passed along the chain, releasing energy
What is the result of the energy released during electron transport?
Hydrogen ions are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane
How is ATP produced during the flow of hydrogen ions?
Ions flow back through the membrane protein ATP synthase
What do hydrogen ions and electrons combine with to form water?
Oxygen
Where does fermentation take place in the absence of oxygen?
In the cytoplasm
What is produced from pyruvate in animal cells during fermentation? Is this reversible?
Lactate- yes
What are the products of fermentation in plants and yeast? Is this reversible?
Ethanol and CO2- no
What is the difference in ATP production between fermentation and aerobic respiration?
Fermentation results in much less ATP than aerobic respiration
What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?
ATP is used to transfer energy to processes that require energy
Fill in the blank: The flow of hydrogen ions back through the membrane protein _____ results in the production of ATP.
ATP synthase
True or False: Fermentation is a reversible reaction in animal cells.
True
True or False: Ethanol is produced in reversible reactions during fermentation.
False
