Cellular Respirtation (MPS) Flashcards

1
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm.

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2
Q

What is required for the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates during the energy investment stage of glycolysis?

A

ATP

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3
Q

What is the result of the energy investment phase in glycolysis?

A

Leads to the generation of more ATP during the energy pay-off stage and results in a net gain of 2 ATP.

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4
Q

What happens to pyruvate in aerobic conditions?

A

It is broken down to an acetyl group that combines with coenzyme A, forming acetyl coenzyme A.

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5
Q

What does the acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A combine with in the citric acid cycle?

A

Oxaloacetate- to form citrate

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6
Q

What is formed when citrate is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate?

A

Generation of ATP and the release of carbon dioxide.

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7
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

A

In the matrix of the mitochondria.

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8
Q

What do dehydrogenase enzymes do in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

A

Remove hydrogen ions and electrons and pass them to the coenzyme NAD, forming NADH.

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9
Q

Where are the hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH passed to?

A

The electron transport chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Glycolysis occurs in the _______.

A

cytoplasm

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11
Q

True or False: The citric acid cycle generates NADH.

A

True

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12
Q

What is the electron transport chain?

A

A series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane

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13
Q

What happens to electrons in the electron transport chain?

A

Electrons are passed along the chain, releasing energy

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14
Q

What is the result of the energy released during electron transport?

A

Hydrogen ions are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane

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15
Q

How is ATP produced during the flow of hydrogen ions?

A

Ions flow back through the membrane protein ATP synthase

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16
Q

What do hydrogen ions and electrons combine with to form water?

17
Q

Where does fermentation take place in the absence of oxygen?

A

In the cytoplasm

18
Q

What is produced from pyruvate in animal cells during fermentation? Is this reversible?

A

Lactate- yes

19
Q

What are the products of fermentation in plants and yeast? Is this reversible?

A

Ethanol and CO2- no

20
Q

What is the difference in ATP production between fermentation and aerobic respiration?

A

Fermentation results in much less ATP than aerobic respiration

21
Q

What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?

A

ATP is used to transfer energy to processes that require energy

22
Q

Fill in the blank: The flow of hydrogen ions back through the membrane protein _____ results in the production of ATP.

A

ATP synthase

23
Q

True or False: Fermentation is a reversible reaction in animal cells.

24
Q

True or False: Ethanol is produced in reversible reactions during fermentation.

25
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

The process where a series of metabolic pathways releases energy from glucose (food)