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Biochemistry > Metabolism II > Flashcards

Metabolism II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the regulators in Glycogen synthesis?

A

(+) Glucose, insulin; (-) epinephrine, glucagon (p.97)

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2
Q

What are the regulators in Glycogenolysis?

A

(+) AMP, epinephrine, glucagon; (-) ATP, insulin (p.97)

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3
Q

What are the regulators in the HMP shunt?

A

(+) NADP+; (-) NADPH (p.97)

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4
Q

What are the regulators in de novo purine synthesis?

A

(-) AMP, IMP, GMP (p.97)

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5
Q

What are the regulators in the Urea cycle?

A

(+) N-acetylglutamate (p.97)

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6
Q

What are the regulators in Fatty Acid Synthesis?

A

(+) Insulin, citrate; (-) glucagon, palmitoyl-CoA (p.97)

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7
Q

What are the regulators in Fatty Acid oxidation?

A

(-) Malonyl-CoA (p.97)

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8
Q

What are the regulators in Cholesterol synthesis?

A

(+) insulin, thyroxine; (-) glucagon, cholesterol (p.97)

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9
Q

How many ATP are produced by aerobic metabolism of glucose?

A

32 via the malate-aspartate shuttle in the heart and liver; 30 via the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle in muscle (p.99)

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10
Q

How many ATP are produced by anaerobic metabolism of glucose?

A

2 ATP per glucose molecule (p.99)

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11
Q

What important substrate is carried by ATP?

A

Phosphoryl groups (p.99)

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12
Q

What important substrate is carried by NADH, NADPH, FADH2?

A

Electrons (p.99)

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13
Q

What important substrate is carried by Coenzyme A, lipoamide?

A

Acyl groups (p.99)

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14
Q

What important substrate is carried by Biotin?

A

CO2 (p.99)

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15
Q

What important substrate is carried by Tetrahydrofolates?

A

1-carbon units (p.99)

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16
Q

What important substrate is carried by SAM?

A

CH3 groups (p.99)

17
Q

What important substrate is carried by TPP?

A

Aldehydes (p.99)

18
Q

What vitamin is NAD+ derived from?

A

Vitamin B3 (p.99)

19
Q

What vitamin is FAD+ derived from?

A

Vitamin B2 (p.99)

20
Q

What processes most commonly use NAD+?

A

Catabolic processes to carry reducing equivalents away as NADH (p.99)

21
Q

What processes most commonly use NADPH?

A

Anabolic processes (steroid and fatty acid synthesis) as a supply of reducing equivalents (p.99)

22
Q

Name for uses for NADPH.

A

Anabolic processes, respiratory burst, P-450, Glutathione reductase (p.99)

23
Q

What reaction is catalyzed by hexokinase/glucokinase?

A

Phosphorylation of glucose to yield Glucose-6-Phosphate in the first step of glycolysis and the first step of glycogen synthesis in the liver (p.99)

24
Q

Describe the kinetics of hexokinase.

A

Ubquitous; high affinity (low Km), low capacity (low Vmax); uninduced by insulin. Feedback inhibited by glucose-6-phosphate (p.99)

25
Q

Describe the kinetics of glucokinase.

A

Located in liver and beta cells of the pancreas. Low affinity (high Km), high capacity (high Vmax), induced by insulin (p.99)

Biochemistry (31 decks)

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