Metabolism and Energy Flashcards
How does Metabolism correlate with catabolic and anabolic reactions?
Catabolic breaks down molecules to release energy, while anabolic reactions build molecules and require energy.
What is Metabolism?
all the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain life.
Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion
Thermal Energy
heat energy
Movement
Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
stored energy
Bond Energy
the amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms
Electrical
the energy of electric charges
How does the energy change in an endothermic reaction?
energy is absorbed from the surroundings, causing the surroundings to cool down
How does the energy change in an exothermic reaction?
Energy is released to the surroundings, causing the surroundings to heat up
Enthalpy
total energy contained in a system or in the molecule’s chemical bonds. A decrease in H increases spontaneity
Transition State
the state corresponding to the highest potential energy along this reaction coordinate
Activation Energy
The minimum energy required to cause a process (such a chemical reaction) to occur
Free energy
a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a system to do work
First Law of Thermodynamics
“Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another”
Second Law of Thermodynamics
“In any energy transfer or conversion, some energy will be lost as unusable heat energy”
How does Law of thermodynamics apply to endothermic reactions?
-They involve the transfer or conversion of energy between systems
-energy is absorbed by the system from the surroundings, increasing potential energy and a decrease in entropy
How does Law of thermodynamics apply to exothermic reactions?
-They involve the transfer or conversion of energy between systems
-energy is released from the system into the surroundings, resulting in a decrease in potential energy and a increase on entropy
What is Gibbs Free Energy?
What must Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, entropy and temp be for a reaction to be nonspontaneous?
What must Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, entropy and temp be for a reaction to be spontaneous?
Is the formation of ATP endothermic or exothermic?
highly exothermic because it requires energy
Is the formation of ADP + Pi endothermic or exothermic?
exothermic reaction because energy is released during this process
Why is the reaction of ATP and ADP + Pi considered coupled?
The energy released from the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP is used to perform cellular work, usually by coupling the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions.
