Aerobic Respiration

Question 1

Substate-level phosphorylation

Answer 1

involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from a phosphorylated substrate molecule,

Question 2

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 2

involves the production of ATP using energy derived from redox reactions in the electron transport chain

Question 3

Which processes in cellular respiration go through substrate level and which go through oxidative?

Answer 3

-In cellular respiration, substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
-Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the electron transport chain.

Question 4

What are the net products of the investment and payoff phase in glycolysis?

Answer 4

During the investment phase of glycolysis, 2 ATP molecules are consumed, and during the payoff phase, 4 ATP molecules are produced, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

Question 5

What intermediate leaves glycolysis to enter pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 5

The intermediate that leaves glycolysis to enter pyruvate oxidation is pyruvate itself.

Question 6

What three reactions take place in pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 6

decarboxylation, oxidation, and formation of acetyl-CoA

Question 7

What are the net products of pyruvate oxidation?

Answer 7

production of one molecule of acetyl-CoA, one molecule of NADH, and release of one molecule of CO2

Question 8

Where does pyruvate oxidation take place?

Answer 8

pyruvate takes place in the mitochondria matrix

Question 9

How many carbons are in acetyl-CoA

Answer 9

two carbons

Question 10

How many of these molecules enter the kreb cycle?

Answer 10

one molecule of acetyl-CoA enters

Question 11

What are the net products and reactants of the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 11

2 molecules of ATP, 6 molecules of NADH, 2 molecules of FADH2, and 4 molecules of CO2. The reactants or substrates of the Krebs Cycle are Acetyl-CoA and Oxaloacetate.

Question 12

What is the purpose of the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 12

generate energy in the form of ATP and reduce coenzymes NAD+ and FAD to NADH and FADH2

Question 13

Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?

Answer 13

in the mitochondria

Question 14

What are the reactants and products of ETC?

Answer 14

NADH, FADH2, oxygen, and ADP, while the products are ATP and water

Question 15

Where does it occur?

Answer 15

mitochondria in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis

Question 16

Explain the process of ETC in detail

Answer 16

1. NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the ETC.
2. These electrons move through a series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
3. As electrons move, they pump protons across the membrane, creating a proton gradient.
4. The protons flow back through ATP synthase, driving the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
5. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor, combining with electrons and protons to form water.

Question 17

Which electron carrier plays a larger contribution to ATP production

Answer 17

NADH transfers its electrons to the electron transport chain at a higher energy level than FADH2, which allows for the production of more ATP molecules. Specifically, each NADH molecule produces around 2.5 ATP molecules, while each FADH2 molecule produces around 1.5 ATP molecules.

Question 18

How many ATP are made in ETC

Answer 18

approx. 28-34 (32-38) molecules of ATP are produced per molecule of glucose