Metabolism and Aging Muscle (EXAM C)

Question 1

What is metabolism?

Answer 1

• the chemical transformation of food and other substances in the body into energy
• physical and chemical changes

Question 2

What is catabolism?

Answer 2

• the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones
• proteins broken down into amino acids

Question 3

What is anabolism?

Answer 3

• the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy
• glucose and glucose is combined to create maltose

Question 4

What is resting energy expenditure (REE)?

Answer 4

• ## is the energy expenditure of a recumbent person who is not fasting and is the sum of basal energy expenditure and dietary induced thermogenesis

Question 5

What is the thermogenic effect of food (TEF)?

Answer 5

• defined as the increase in metabolic rate after ingestion of a meal

Question 6

What are ways we expel energy?

Answer 6

• resting energy expenditure
• thermogenic effect of food
• physical activity

Question 7

What is RMR?

Answer 7

• resting metabolic rate

Question 8

What is BMR

Answer 8

• basal metabolic rate

Question 9

What are some genetic factors affecting REE?

Answer 9

• amount of metabolically active tissue possessed
• natural hormonal activity
• body size and surface area
• age
• sex
• body composition

Question 10

What is the decline in resting energy expenditure associated with?

Answer 10

• physical
• muscle tissue loss
• accumulation of

Question 11

Relative body fat increases after maturity due to what aspects?

Answer 11

• reduced ability to mobilize fat
• decreased physical activity
• increased dietary intake of calories

Question 12

After age 30, fat-free mass decreases due to what?

Answer 12

• decreased muscle mass (decreasing testosterone levels)
• increased bone mineral loss
• decreased physical activity