Metabolism

Question 1

Metabolism can be divided into what two categories?

Answer 1

anabolic and catabolic

Question 2

What form of metabolism requires energy in order to proceed?

Answer 2

anabolic reactions.

Question 3

What form of metabolism breaks down molecules and releases energy?

Answer 3

catabolism

Question 4

What is the source of cellular energy?

Answer 4

the oxidation of carbon molecules.

Question 5

How long does the energy from ATP last?

Answer 5

Not very long (is used within a couple of minutes).

Question 6

Generation of ATP results from what kind of metabolic reaction?

Answer 6

a catabolic reaction

Question 7

What is the ultimate electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 7

oxygen

Question 8

In general, the more reduced a molecule is, the ___ potential energy.

Answer 8

reduced; e.g. methane releases the most oxygen and carbon dioxide releases the least.

Question 9

Why can fat store so much energy?

Answer 9

It has many reduced, saturated hydrocarbons that have high potential energy.

Question 10

What are the three sources of energy from food?

Answer 10

fat, polysaccharides and proteins.

Question 11

Degraded fats, polysaccharides, and proteins are converted into what molecules?

Answer 11

acetyl CoA

Question 12

Acetyl CoA is used in what reaction?

Answer 12

aerobic respiration.

Question 13

What electron carriers are found in the metabolic pathways?

Answer 13

NADH, FADH, FADH2

Question 14

What three things are controlled in metabolic pathways?

Answer 14

the amount of enzymes (transcription/signaling), catalytic activity (feedback inhibition), and accessibility of substrates.

Question 15

What are the two techniques used to study proteins?

Answer 15

x-ray crystallography and NMR

Question 16

What is x-ray crystallography?

Answer 16

Crystallizing proteins and using x-ray technology to learn the shape and size of a protein or DNA.

Question 17

What is a con of using x-ray crystallography?

Answer 17

Not every protein can be crystallized (or easily crystallized).

Question 18

What is NMR?

Answer 18

nuclear magnetic resonance; it is used to determine the structure of proteins in solution.

Question 19

What are pros and cons of NMR?

Answer 19

The proteins are in solution, and therefore may exhibit properties that are similar to a natural environment. The proteins have to be a certain size to be used in NMR, which limits the use of NMR.

Question 20

What is metabolism?

Answer 20

A linked series of chemical reactions that begins with the conversion of a particular molecule into another. The pathways are interdependent and controlled by allosteric enzymes.