Enzymes Flashcards
Which state has the highest free energy?
the transition state
What do enzymes function to do?
lower the activation energy
What are cofactors?
small molecules that contribute to the chemical reaction of the enzyme; they play many different roles in catalysis. (metals & coenzymes)
What is an apoenzyme?
an enzyme without its cofactor.
what is a haloenzyme?
a cofactor bound and catalyically active.
What are coenzymes?
small macromolecules that are derived form vitamins; includes NAD+, etc. When bound tightly, they are prosthetic groups.
What is an oxidoreductase?
An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another. An example is alcohol dehydrogenases.
What are transferases?
enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a functional grup from one molecule to another. Donor molecules are required, and an examploe is kinase.
what are hydrolyases?
enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of covalent bonds; they break up peptide bonds. An example is disaccharidases.
What are lyases?
enzymes that catalyze the addition or removal of gorups to form double bonds. An example is aldolase.
What are isomerases?
enzymes that catalyze isomerization; an example is triose phosphate isomerase.
What are ligases?
enzymes that catalyze the covalent linkage of two substrates; they are ATP dependent.
What is the Km value?
concentration of substrate required for half maximal velocity of enzyme catalysis.
What is the michaelis-menten equation?
vo = vmax (s/s+Km)
What is the lineweaver-burk plot equation?
(1/vo) = km/Vmax*s + 1/vmax
