Metabolism

Question 0

Exergonic

Endergonic

Answer 0

Reactions where more energy is released than used

Reactions where more energy is used than released

Question 1

Anabolic

Catabolic

Answer 1

• reductive pathway and uses intermediate metabolites and energy (ATP) to drive synthesis of important cell components
• oxidative pathway releasing lots of free energy and produces intermediate metabolites

Question 2

What is daily expenditure and what are the components

Answer 2

12000kJ and 9500kJ

BMR
Voluntary physical activity
Process food - diet induced thermogen

Question 3

Fats are important in the diet

Answer 3

Yield 2.2 times more energy than carbs

Needed for absorption of lipid-soluble vitamins (ADEK)

Some polyunsaturated fatty acids (essential fatty acids) are regulators

Question 4

Amino acids

Answer 4

Busing blocks of protein

Used in synthesis of essential N compounds - creatine, purines, pyrimidines, heam

Question 5

BMI

Answer 5

Weight/height2

18-25 Normal
25-30 overweight
30-35 obese
>35 morbidly obese

Question 6

Malnutrition

• malabsorption
• types of protein malnutrition

Answer 6

An in balance of consumption and expenditure

Malabsorption - coeliac and crohns

Protein deficient - marasmus and kwashiorkor

Question 7

Marasmus

Kwashiorkor

Answer 7

Commonly under 5. Looks emaciated with obvious signs of loss in muscle and body fat, with no oedema. Hair is thin and dry. Diarrhoea and anaemia present

Normally young child with carb and very low protein diet. Child is apathetic, lethargic, anorexic. Generalised oedema and distended abdomen due to hepatomegaly. Low serum albumin and anaemia

Question 8

Define homeostasis

Answer 8

The controlling of a dynamic equilibrium own internal environments.

Question 9

Name cell nutrients

Answer 9

Glucose 
Amino acids 
Trigs
Cholesterol 
Fatty acids
Lactic acid 
Total CO2 
Urea

Question 10

Why do cells metabolise nutrients

Answer 10

Energy for cell function - ATP
Building blocks molecules, synthesis for growth, repair and division
Organic precursor molecules that are used to allow interconversion of building block molecules (acetyl~CoA)
Biosynthetic reducing power used in synthesis of cell components (NADPH)

Question 11

Where do cell nutrients in the blood come from?

Answer 11

Diet
Synthesis in body tissues from precursors
Released from storage in body tissues

Question 12

What are th evasions chemical transformations that occur to circulating cell nutrients

Answer 12

Degradation - release energy in all cells
Synthesis of components - all tissues except mature erythrocytes
Storage - liver, adipose and skeletal muscle
Interconversion - liver, adipose, kidney cortex
Excretion - liver, kidney and lungs

Question 13

Oxidation and reduction

Answer 13

Oxidation - addition of O2 and removal of H atom or electron

Reduction - removal of O2 and addition of H atom or electron