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A&P Test 3 > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Dietary fats are important because they ________.
A) keep blood pressure normal
B) help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins
C) contribute significantly to the health of the skin
D) help prevent the common cold

A

B) help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins

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2
Q

It is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins because ________.
A) vitamins provide protection against the common cold
B) very few foods contain vitamins
C) most vitamins are coenzymes needed to help the body utilize essential nutrients
D) all vitamins are water soluble and pass out of the body too quickly to ensure utilization

A

C) most vitamins are coenzymes needed to help the body utilize essential nutrients

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3
Q

Glycolysis is best defined as a catabolic reaction based upon the ________.
A) conversion of glucose into carbon dioxide and water
B) conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid
C) conversion of pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water
D) formation of sugar

A

B) conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid

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4
Q

Which of the following does not occur in the mitochondria?
A) electron transport
B) glycolysis
C) Krebs cycle
D) formation of malic acid from fumaric acid

A

B) glycolysis

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5
Q 
What process primes a molecule to change in a way that increases its activity, produces motion, or does work? 
A) phosphorylation 
B) beta oxidation 
C) cellular respiration 
D) glycolysis
A

A) phosphorylation

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6
Q

Which of the following is correct?
A) Most of the ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
B) Oxidation of FADH2 eventually yields four ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.
C) Glycolysis relies on substrate-level oxidation for the four ATP produced in this pathway.
D) Most ATP from cellular respiration are produced directly in the Krebs cycle.

A

B) Oxidation of FADH2 eventually yields four ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.

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7
Q

Which of the choices below describes the pathway of cellular respiration (the complete oxidation of glucose)?
A) glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation
B) gluconeogenesis, Krebs cycle, lipolysis
C) lipolysis, glycogenolysis, beta oxidation
D) glycogenesis, lipogenesis, electron transport chain

A

A) glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation

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8
Q

Anabolism includes reactions in which ________.
A) carbohydrate utilization increases
B) larger molecules or structures are built from smaller ones
C) structural proteins are used as a potential energy source
D) ketone bodies are formed

A

B) larger molecules or structures are built from smaller ones

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9
Q

Which of the choices below happens during the absorptive state?
A) Anabolic processes exceed catabolic ones.
B) Catabolic processes exceed anabolic ones.
C) No metabolism occurs.
D) Only glucose metabolism occurs.

A

A) Anabolic processes exceed catabolic ones.

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10
Q

Which of the following is not true of beta oxidation?
A) It occurs in the mitochondrion.
B) Every second carbon is reduced.
C) It involves the anabolism of fats.
D) Fatty acids are broken into acetic acid fragments.

A

C) It involves the anabolism of fats.

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11
Q 
Glucose can be obtained from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A) glycogenolysis 
B) triglyceride anabolism 
C) protein anabolism 
D) lipogenesis
A

A) glycogenolysis

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12
Q

Catabolism would be best described as a process that ________.
A) causes a decline in circulating ketone bodies
B) builds up triglycerides during the postabsorptive state
C) breaks down complex structures to simpler ones
D) elevates glucagon levels

A

C) breaks down complex structures to simpler ones

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13
Q

Glycolysis is best defined as a catabolic reaction based upon the ________.
A) conversion of glucose into carbon dioxide and water
B) conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid
C) conversion of pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water
D) formation of sugar

A

B) conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid

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14
Q 
The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A) gluconeogenesis 
B) fat utilization 
C) lipogenesis 
D) lipolysis
A

D) lipolysis

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15
Q

Lipogenesis occurs when ________.
A) there is a shortage of fatty acids
B) glucose levels drop slightly
C) excess proteins are transported through the cell membrane
D) cellular ATP and glucose levels are high

A

D) cellular ATP and glucose levels are high

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16
Q 
Which of the choices below is not a fate of carbohydrate taken into the body? 
A) ATP production 
B) lipogenesis 
C) amino acid synthesis 
D) conversion to a nucleic acid 
E) glycogenesis
A

D) conversion to a nucleic acid

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17
Q

Select the correct statement about proteins.
A) Strict vegetarians need not worry about adequate protein intake, as most vegetables are almost perfect sources of amino acids.
B) Proteins can be synthesized in the body if most of the amino acids are present.
C) Proteins will be used by most cells for ATP synthesis if insufficient carbohydrates are ingested.
D) Catabolic steroids (hormones) accelerate the rate of protein synthesis.

A

C) Proteins will be used by most cells for ATP synthesis if insufficient carbohydrates are ingested.

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18
Q

The term metabolism is best defined as ________.
A) the length of time it takes to digest and absorb fats
B) a measure of carbohydrate utilization, typically involving measurement of calories
C) the number of calories it takes to keep from shivering on a cold day
D) biochemical reactions involved in building cell molecules or breaking down molecules for energy

A

D) biochemical reactions involved in building cell molecules or breaking down molecules for energy

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19
Q

The term metabolic rate reflects the ________.
A) energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities
B) loss of organic molecules in urine
C) energy needed to make all organic molecules
D) loss of energy to perspiration

A

A) energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities

20
Q

Which of the following molecules are considered key molecules at metabolic crossroads?
A) glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvic acid, acetyl CoA
B) glucose-6-phosphate, lactic acid, acetyl CoA
C) acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, ATP
D) ATP, pyruvic acid, lactic acid

A

A) glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvic acid, acetyl CoA

21
Q

The primary function of cellular respiration is to ________.
A) determine the amount of heat needed by the human body
B) provide the body with adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals
C) efficiently monitor the energy needs of the body
D) break down food molecules and generate ATP

A

D) break down food molecules and generate ATP

22
Q 
Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration? 
A) oxidative phosphorylation 
B) substrate-level phosphorylation 
C) oxidation-reduction reactions 
D) oxidation reactions
A

A) oxidative phosphorylation

23
Q 
Which of the following is NOT an essential role of the liver?
A) urea disposal 
B) protein metabolism 
C) biotransformation functions 
D) carbohydrate metabolism
A

A) urea disposal

24
Q

Which statement describes glycolysis?

A

This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

25
Q

In the case of a person who consumes a normal, balanced diet, proteins are essential to the body for all of the following except ________.
A) production of energy
B) production of enzymes, clotting factors, and antibodies
C) formation of functional molecules like hemoglobin and cytochromes
D) production of some hormones

A

A) production of energy

26
Q

T/F The most abundant dietary lipids in the diets of most Americans are triglycerides.

A

True

27
Q

T/F Cellular respiration is an anabolic process.

A

False

28
Q

Which of the following involves the use of oxygen to pick up excess hydrogen and electrons?
A) Krebs cycle and electron transport chain
B) Glycolysis

A

A) Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

29
Q

Including the ATP from glycolysis, the cell gains 34 ATP molecules from aerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule.

A

False. Net gain is 30-32 ATP (see pg 924)

30
Q 
When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in the urine is mostly\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A) ketone bodies 
B) acetyl CoA 
C) ammonia 
D) urea
A

D) urea

31
Q 
In the liver, the amine group of glutamic acid is removed as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in the oxidative state. 
A) pyruvic acid 
B) glyceraldehyde 
C) oxaloacetic acid 
D) ammonia
A

D) ammonia

32
Q

Fat burning causes an accumulation of acetyl CoA, which the liver converts to ________.

A

ketones

33
Q 
When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) fatty acids 
B) glycogen 
C) lactic acid 
D) amino acids
A

A) fatty acids

34
Q

Which of the following best defines cellular respiration?
A) Intake of CO2 and output of O2 by cells
B) Excretion of waste products
C) Inhalation of O2 and exhalation of CO2
D) Oxidation of substances by which energy is released in usable form to the cells

A

D) Oxidation of substances by which energy is released in usable form to the cells

35
Q

In oxidative phosphorylation, energy for the synthesis of ATP is provided by

A) The oxidation of acetyl-CoA.

B) The movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the respiratory enzymes.

C) The breaking of the covalent bonds in glucose.

D) The splitting of oxygen molecules.
E) The combination of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen to form water.

A


B) The movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the respiratory enzymes.


36
Q

T/F Vitamins are inorganic compounds that are essential for growth and good health.

A

False - vitamins are organic compounds

37
Q 
In order for glycolysis to occur, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ must be present.
A) NAD

B) appropriate cytoplasmic enzymes

C) glucose molecules

D) ATP and ADP

E) all of the above
A

E) all of the above

38
Q 
In glycolysis the most reduced compound formed is:

A) pyruvate

B) NAD+

C) lactate

D) O2

E) H2O
A

A) pyruvate


39
Q 
In glycolysis, the activation of glucose is accomplished by:

A) NADH
B) coenzyme A

C) ATP

D) CO2

E) O2
A

C) ATP


40
Q 
In glycolysis, each molecule of glucose that is metabolized releases how many molecules of ATP?

A) 2

B) 4
C) 30

D) 36

E) 38
A


B) 4 molecules are released, but 2 were used

41
Q 
In aerobic respiration carbohydrates are ultimately broken down into:

A) acetyl-CoA

B) CO2

C) O2

D) H2O

E) heat
A


B) CO2

42
Q

T/F Glycogenesis begins when ATP levels are high, and glucose entering cells is phosphorylated
to glucose-6-phosphate and converted to its isomer, glucose-1-phosphate.

A

True

43
Q

Glycogenesis occurs when

A

the glucose in the blood exceeds the demand and the surplus is used to build glycogen, the storage form of glucose

44
Q 
1) The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called

A) Anabolism
B) Oxidative phosphorylation
C) Metabolism
D) Glycolysis

E) Catabolism
A

C) Metabolism

45
Q 
Which stage of aerobic respiration produces ATP and NADH and releases CO2?

A) glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) electron transport chain
D) fermentation
E) none of the above
A

B) Krebs cycle

A&P Test 3 (4 decks)

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