Fluids Flashcards
The movement of fluids between cellular compartments ________.
A) requires ATP for the transport to take place
B) is regulated by osmotic and hydrostatic forces
C) involves filtration
D) requires active transport
B) is regulated by osmotic and hydrostatic forces
Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid shifts?
A) Electrolytes have greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes and therefore have the greatest ability to cause fluid shifts.
B) Nonelectrolytes are the controlling factor in directing fluid shifts.
C) Electrolytes are not as important as proteins in regulating fluid shifts in the body.
D) There are always more positive electrolytes than negative in a solution; it is therefore impossible to follow fluid shifts.
A) Electrolytes have greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes and therefore have the greatest ability to cause fluid shifts.
What solute in body fluids determines most of their chemical and physical reactions? A) glucose B) nonelectrolytes C) water D) electrolytes
D) electrolytes
Which buffer system is the most abundant in the body? A) hydrogen B) protein C) phosphate D) carbonic acid-bicarbonate
B) protein
The primary buffer of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) protein buffer system B) bicarbonate buffer system C) phosphate buffer system D) sodium-potassium buffer system
B) bicarbonate buffer system
Which chemical buffer system is the only important system in the extracellular fluid (ECF) that resists short-term changes in pH? A) phosphate buffer system B) protein buffer system C) bicarbonate buffer system D) physiological buffering systems
C) bicarbonate buffer system
The most common cause of acid-base imbalance is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) metabolic acidosis B) respiratory acidosis C) respiratory alkalosis D) metabolic alkalosis
B) respiratory acidosis
What is the effect of hyperventilation on pH? A) metabolic acidosis B) metabolic alkalosis C) respiratory alkalosis D) respiratory acidosis
C) respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis can occur when ________.
A) a runner has completed a very long marathon
B) a person’s breathing is shallow due to obstruction
C) the kidneys secrete hydrogen ions
D) a person consumes excessive amounts of antacids
B) a person’s breathing is shallow due to obstruction
A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) respiratory acidosis B) metabolic acidosis C) respiratory alkalosis D) metabolic alkalosis
A) respiratory acidosis
The maintenance of the proper pH of the body fluids may be the result of ________.
A) the control of respiratory ventilation
B) the active secretion of OH- into the filtrate by the kidney tubule cells
C) the operation of the various buffer systems in the stomach
D) control of the acids produced in the stomach
A) the control of respiratory ventilation
Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to ________.
A) reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention
B) prevent pH changes caused by organic acids
C) enhance atrial contractions
D) activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism
A) reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention
What hormone reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium ion and water retention? A) atrial natriuretic peptide B) ADH C) aldosterone D) thyroxine
A) atrial natriuretic peptide
The most important renal mechanism for regulating acid-base balance of the blood involves \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) maintaining HCO3- balance. B) maintaining phosphate balance C) maintaining water balance D) maintaining CO2 balance
A) maintaining HCO3- (bicarbonate) balance.
