Metabolism

Question 1

What’s metabolism?

Answer 1

Totality of an organisms total reactions.

Question 2

Metabolic pathway how it begins

Answer 2

Begins with a specific molecule, a reactant, which is altered in a series of chemical reaction steps, resulting in a certain product.
Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme

Question 3

catabolic pathways

Answer 3

Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds
EX) Cellular respiration

Question 4

Anabolic pathways

Answer 4

Anabolic Pathways consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones. the synthesis of amino acids is an example of anabolism.

Question 5

Bioenergetics

Answer 5

It is the study of how organisms manage their energy resources.

Question 6

Kinetic energy

Answer 6

an energy associated with motion

Question 7

Heat (thermal energy)

Answer 7

Is kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules

Question 8

Potential energy

Answer 8

Energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure.

Question 9

Chemical energy

Answer 9

Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

Question 10

Thermodynamics

Answer 10

the study of the energry transformations that occur in a collection of matter, or organisms.

Question 11

First Law of Thermodynamics (the law of conservation of energy )

Answer 11

States that energy of the universe is constant: Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 12

First law of thermodynamics example

Answer 12

Plants are not energy producers they are energy transformers. They transform light energy into chemical energy.

Question 13

The Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 13

In every energy transformation some energy becomes available to do the work and other energy unavailable or lost.
Work is Gibb’s Free Energy

Question 14

Gibb’s Free Energy Neg -

Answer 14

When ^G is negative the system will do work on he surroundings and is spontaneous
Ex combustion of octane in a car releases enough energy to move the piston

Question 15

Gibb’s Free Energy Pos+

Answer 15

When Positive system needs to do work on the system and is not spontaneous
EX) H20 (g) -> H20 (l) the surrounding pressure on the gaseous water must be increased or the surrounding temp must be decreased so water can turn from gas to liquid

Question 16

Release of Heat

Answer 16

in most transformations energy is converted into heat and in a living cell heat cannot be used to do work it is only used to warm the organism.

Question 17

Enthalpy

Answer 17

Heat absorbed or released

Question 18

Enthalpy Neg-

Answer 18

System will release heat energy and is exothermic or exergonic

Question 19

Enthalpy Pos+

Answer 19

System will absorb heat energy and is endothermic or endergonic

Question 20

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 20

The net energy changes of the universe increase the net entropy of the universe

No process of energy transformation is ever 100% efficient; some energy will always be lost in the form of heat

Question 21

Metabolism

Answer 21

the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in a cell or organism; metabolism manages the material and energy resources of the cell.

Question 22

chemical work

Answer 22

pushing of endergonic reactions that would not occur spontaneously, such as building polymers from monomers.

Question 23

Transport work

Answer 23

the pumping of substances across a membrane against the direction of spontaneous movement

Question 24

mechanical work

Answer 24

cellular processes that requires movement; beating of cilia, the contraction of muscles

Question 25

Are enzymes affected by chemical reactions ?

Answer 25

No this is why enzymes can be used over and over again.

Question 26

Enzymes are what?

Answer 26

Proteins but there are a few made of RNA called riboenzymes

Question 27

Activation energy

Answer 27

the amount of energy in order to get molecules to react with another

Question 28

Activation energy is usually…

Answer 28

thermal energy that speeds the movement of atoms and molecules

Question 29

Too much heat to an enzyme will…

Answer 29

denature it

Question 30

To reduce the amount of activation energy…

Answer 30

enzymes are used

Question 31

How do enzymes work?

Answer 31

They allow reactions to occur under favorable, cellular conditions by brining reactants of chemical reaction into contact with one another

Question 32

Each enzyme had a unique 3d shape which is why…

Answer 32

a substrate hast to be so specific to an enzyme.

Question 33

Substrate

Answer 33

The specific reactant (or sometimes 2 or more reactants) that an enzyme acts on.

Question 34

Active site

Answer 34

Small portion of the enzyme that interacts with the substrate

Question 35

When the enzyme binds to its reactants it is referred to as

Answer 35

the enzyme substate complex.
enzyme fit models

Question 36

2 Enzyme models

Answer 36

Lock and key And Induced fit

Question 37

Lock and Key model

Answer 37

Substrate and enzyme fit perfectly

Question 38

Induced fit

Answer 38

Substrate attaches to the active site it induces a slight change in the enzyme’s shape so the enzyme fits more snuggly around the substrate

Question 39

the rate of the reaction is the…

Answer 39

amount of product produced per unit of time

Question 40

substrate concentration

Answer 40

If the substrate concentration is increases then the enzyme has more substrate to work on and as a result the reaction rate would increase(as time goes on reaction rate levels off)

Question 41

Enzyme concentration

Answer 41

Enzyme concentration increases so does reaction rate because more enzymes to carry out reactions.
Would also level off eventually

Question 42

Optimal pH

Answer 42

Each enzyme has a pH they work best at.
An enzyme in its optimal pH the enzymatic rate would increase and be at its highest, but if placed in lower or higher than optimal the enzymatic rate would decrease.

Question 43

enzyme temperature

Answer 43

Has a temp it works best at.
Reaction rate increases with heat but if too hot it will rapidly decrease.
At high temps an enzyme can also denature.
If placed in cold it will decrease but will not denature.