Metabolism Flashcards
1
Q
Metabolism =
A
Anabolism (building up) + catabolism (breaking down)
2
Q
ATP
A
- Adenosine triphosphate
- ribose sugar
- adenine
- three phosphate chain (key to energy storage; unstable bonds)
3
Q
Redox
A
- Oxidation - loss of electrons
- Reduction - gain of electrons
OILRIG (oxidation is loss, reduction is gain)
4
Q
Free energy (dG)
A
- Negative dG = spontaneous reaction
- Positive dG = non-spontaneous reaction
5
Q
How to increase rate of reaction?
A
- increasing temperature of reactants
- decreasing activation energy
6
Q
Catalysts
A
- substances that help lower activation energy
7
Q
Enzymes
A
- active sites - pockets for substrate binding
8
Q
Factors that affect the functioning of enzymes -
A
- temperature
- pH
9
Q
Inhibitors
A
substances that bind to enzymes and decrease its activity
- competitive - competes with substrate for active site
- non-competitive - causes shape change at active site by binding somewhere else
10
Q
Allosteric inhibition versus activation
A
A. inhibition - binding of inhibitor causes redundancy of enzyme
A. activation - binding of inhibitor causes increase in enzyme activity
11
Q
Biochemical pathways
A
- reactions occur in a sequence
- product of one step is the substrate for the next
12
Q
Feedback inhibition
A
- end-product acts as an allosteric inhibitor and shuts down the mechanism, preventing wastage of raw material
