Cell Structure

Question 1

Surface are to volume ratio

Answer 1

As cell size increases, its volume increases much more rapidly than its surface area

Question 2

Similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

1. nucleoid or nucleus
2. cytoplasm
3. ribosomes
4. plasma membrane

Question 3

Prokaryotic cells - characteristics

Answer 3

1. no membrane bound nucleus
2. cell wall
3. contain ribosomes (not a membrane bound organelle)

Question 4

Bacterial cell walls

Answer 4

• Made of peptidoglycan
• mechanical protection
• target for antibiotics
  Capsule of lipopolysaccharides covers the cell wall

Question 5

Flagella, Pilli and Fimbriae

Answer 5

• Flagella - locomotion
• Pilli - genetic exchange through direct contact
• Fimbriae - helps attach to host cell

Question 6

Eukaryotic cells - characteristics

Answer 6

• possess a membrane-bound nucleus
• more compartmentalized
• possess a cytoskeleton for support

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

contains genetic material

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

• Protein synthesis

Question 9

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

• Rough - ribosomes are attached
• Smooth - synthesis, store Ca2+, detoxification

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

Packaging and distribution of molecules

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

Digestive vesicles

Question 12

Vacuoles

Answer 12

Membrane-bounded structures in plants

Question 13

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Answer 13

have their own DNA
Endosymbiosis

Question 14

Three types of cytoskeleton fibers

Answer 14

• Microfilaments - contraction
• Microtubules - movement of cell and materials within
• Intermediate filaments - very stable

Question 15

Cell to cell connections

Answer 15

1. Tight junction - connect plasma membrane in a tight sheet
2. Desmosomes - attaches cytoskeleton of cells
3. Gap junctions and plasmodesmata - small molecules pass directly between cells