Cellular Respiration Flashcards
1
Q
Aerobic respiration
A
Glucose + oxygen –> CO2 + water
2
Q
2 mechanisms for ATP synthesis
A
- Substrate-level phosphorylation - ADP to ATP; glycolysis
- Oxidative phosphorylation - all of cellular respiration
3
Q
4 steps of glucose oxidation
A
- glycolysis
- pyruvate oxidation
- Kreb’s cycle
- electron transport and chemiosmosis
4
Q
- Glycolysis
A
- occurs in cytoplasm
- in - glucose, NAD+
- out - pyruvate, ATP, NADH
5
Q
- Pyruvate oxidation
A
- occurs in mitochondria
- needs presence of oxygen
- in - pyruvate, NAD+
- out - acetyl CoA, NADH, CO2
6
Q
- Krebs cycle
A
- mitochondrial matrix
- in - acetyl CoA, NAD+, FAD
- out - ATP, NADH, FADH2
7
Q
4a. Electron transport chain
A
- inner mitochondrial membrane
- in - NADH, FADH2
- out - NAD+, FAD
- protons are pumped against the concentration gradient
8
Q
4b. Chemiosmosis
A
- intermembrane
- in - 1/2O2+2H+, ADP+P
- out - H2O, 32 ATP
- energy from downhill pumping of protons via ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP to produce energy
9
Q
Feedback inhibition in cellular respiration
A
- glycolysis is inhibited by presence of ATP
- pyruvate oxidation is inhibited by presence of NADH
10
Q
Oxidation without oxygen
A
- anaerobic respiration - final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule (CO2, SO4)
- fermentation - final electron acceptor is an organic molecule
11
Q
Types of fermentation
A
- lactic acid fermentation
- muscles cells
- glycolysis is regular
- then, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid and NADH is oxidized
- ethanol fermentation
- yeast
- acetaldehyde to ethanol, NADH is oxidized
12
Q
Cellular respiration with fats
A
- Hydrolysis
fats –> glycerol + fatty acids - Beta-oxidation
fatty acids –> acetyl groups - Oxidative respiration
acetyl groups –> acetyl CoA - Krebs cycle
acetyl CoA –> ATP+H2O+CO2
