metabolism Flashcards
metabolism
the study of all biomechanics reactions that are required to support normal body functions
anabolic reactions
build up complex molecules from less complex precursors. example is building muscle
catabolic reaction
the breakdown of complex molecules into smaller ones. example is glucose being used to generate energy, CO2 and H2O are produced
growth
increase in body mass, occurs when anabolism exceeds catabolism
hyperplasia
cells dividing and increasing in number
hypertrophy
cells increase in size
ectoderm
cells forming the nervous system
endoderm
cells forming the digestive tract, liver and lungs
mesoderm
form the urinary and reproductive systems,the circulatory system and the structural components of the body
adipocytes
fat cells
myoblasts
form muscle cells
osteoblasts
form bone
growth rate
greatest during the period around weaning through puberty. central nervous system matures most quickly followed by the skeletal system then muscle
feed to gain ratio
the lbs of feed required to produce 1 lb of gain. smaller ratio=more efficient. the lbs of feed needed to make 1 lb or fat are greater than that needed to make 1 lb of muscle.
compensatory growth
if an animal being deprived of nutrients is started being fed a good diet, their growth rate becomes higher than you see in normal animals and the animal can catch up
Gross energy
the total amount of energy available in the feed
fecal energy
the energy left in the feces
digestible energy
fecal energy subtracted from the gross energy
metabloized energy
the amount of energy lost in urine and gas
net energy
subtracted heat loss, most precise measurement of energy content of a feed
maintenance
highest priority energy goes to, includes breathing, pumping blood, food acquisition, digestion, escape ect
positive energy balance
glucose coming into the blood exceeds the maintenance requirement. this includes growth, reproduction and lactation if there is still excess glucose it is stored as glycogen and fat
adipocytes
fat cells, use glucose to synthesize fatty acids and glycerol
negative energy balance
animals rely on energy in the body to put glucose back into the blood stream. glycogen is the first storage form to be used followed by fat and muscle cells
