Metabolism

Question 1

Carbohydryates are absorbed as?

Answer 1

glucose primarily
also fructose and galactose

Question 2

Fed State: Carbohydrates

Answer 2

1. glycolysis and citric acid cycle: used immediately for energy through aerobic pathways
2. glycogenesis: stored as glycogen in liver and muscle
3. Lipogenesis: excess converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue

Question 3

Fasted State: Carbohydrates

Answer 3

1. glycogenolysis: polymers broken down to glucose in liver and kidney or to glucose 6-phosphate for use in glycolysis

Question 4

Proteins are absorbed as?

Answer 4

amino acids primarily plus some small peptides

Question 5

Fed State: Proteins

Answer 5

1. Deamination: most amino acids go to tissues for protein synthesis
2. lipogenesis: excess converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue

Question 6

Fasted State: Proteins

Answer 6

1. proteins broken down into amino acids
2. gluconeogenesis: amino acids deaminated into liver for ATP production or to make glucose

Question 7

Fats are absorbed as?

Answer 7

fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol

Question 8

Fed State: Fats

Answer 8

1. lipogenesis: stored as triglycerides primarily in the liver and adipose tissue
2. cholesterol used for steroid synthesis or as a membrane component
3. fatty acids used for lipoprotein and eicosanoid synthesis

Question 9

Fasted State: Fats

Answer 9

1. lipolysis: triglycerides broke down into fatty acids and glycerol
2. ß-oxidation: fatty acids used for ATP production through aerobic pathways